CH 1
carbon is ?-valent
nitrogen is ?-valent
oxygen is ?-valent
what is carbon is tetravalent
what is nitrogen is trivalent
what is oxygen is divalent
in bond line, what does a wedge and dash represent?
what is a dash is going into the page and a wedge is coming out of the page
a bronsted lowry acid is a proton ?
a bronsted lowry base is a proton ?
acid - donor
base - acceptor
describe cis and trans conformation
cis - same side
trans - opp side
name 2 func groups containing nitrogen
anime, amide
which bonds have free rotation at room temp?
what are sigma bonds
what are the 5 resonance patterns?
what is
1. allylic LP
2. allylic C+
3. LP next to C+
4. pi bond between diff. EN
5. conjugated pi bonds in a ring
what is it used for?
Atom, resonance, induction, orbital
to compare stability of anionic conj bases
which conformation of a chair conf. is more stable?
equatorial position
what are the two rules for resonance?
1. don't break single bonds
2. don't exceed octets
which is the correct hybridization and geometry for the carbon in HCN?
What is a delocalized LP and which orbital does it occupy?
its a LP that partipates in resonance and occupies the p orbital
true or false: the equilibrium of an acid base rxn generally favors the less stabilized charge
FALSE: favors the more stabilized base
what's the first step in IUPAC nomenclature?
identifying the parent chain
which will have a higher BP and why?
ch3ch2ch2ch3 or ch3ch2ch2ch2ch3
what is the second compound because it has more carbon atoms and high MW
how many const isomers does c2h3cl3 have?
what are two const isomers
what is a resonance hybrid and why is it important?
its the combination of individual resonance structures which are indicated with partial charges. it illustrates the delocalization of electrons.
in the O of ARIO, what is the pattern? explain the pattern
the sp orbital is closer to the nucleus and can stabilize the (-) charge better
which would have a higher heat of combustion?
cyclobutane or cyclohexane
why?
cyclobutane because the bonds are higher strained
alcohol, ester, carboxylic acid, ether, aldehyde, amide, ketone, anhydride, acyl halide
which will have a higher boiling point and why?
ch3ch2ch2och3 or ch3ch2ch2ch2oh
what is the 2nd compound because it has an OH bond which leads to H bonding
true or false: the molecular formula provides structural formula
FALSE: it does not
describe the leveling effect in a basic vs acidic solution
basic solution - base can't be stronger than conj base of the solvent
acidic - acid can't be stronger than conj acid of the solvent
which is lower energy? A branched alkane or straight chain
idk lol, what is everyone in the group's favorite cartoon character?
x.y.z