Thermodynamics
14
Nitrile
R - C ≡ N
C8H18
Heterolytic Cleavage
What causes eclipsed Newman Projections to be higher energy.
Steric Strain
Kw
Name all four Hydrocarbon Functional Groups
Alkanes | Alkenes | Alkynes | Aromatic Ring
The rules for naming substituents are
1. Alphabetical
2. - between number and letter
3. , between numbers
4. prefixes if there is more than 1 of that substituent
The formation of two radicals from a bond.
Homolytic Cleavage
The hybridization of the central carbon in a ketone.
There are two equations to solve for ΔG. Tell me both of them.
ΔG= ΔH - TΔS
ΔG= -RT lnKeq
O O
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R - C - O - C - R'
Anhydride
Draw the following molecule:
4,6-dimethyl-5-secbutylnonane
CH3CHCH2CH3
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CH3CH2CH2CHCHCHCH2CH2CH3
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CH3 CH3
Order of reactivity of halides in Radical Halogenation.
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2
The structure that shows stereochemistry.
Dash-Wedge Structures
ΔH to be exothermic
ΔH to be endothermic
Exothermic= Negative
Endothermic= Positive
There are four functional groups with Sulfur. Name and draw all of them.
-SH, Thiol | C - S - C, Sulfide
O O
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C - S - C. Sulfoxide | C - S - C
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O Sulfeno
There are five complex substituents you are supposed to know. Name 4 of them.
The three steps in a Radical Halogenation Reaction.
Initiation | Propagation | Termination
Conformational Isomers are possible due to
Free Rotation
According to the Hammond Postulate, what do we know about highly endothermic reactions?
Highly endothermic reactions have late transition states and resemble product structures.
The Carbonyl Category of Functional Groups has 7 functional groups within it. Name 4 of them.
Ketone | Aldehyde | Carboxylic Acid | Ester | Alkanoyl Halides | Anhydride | Amide
Correct the IUPAC name:
9-isopropyl-1,1-dimethyl-2-propyldecane
10-isopropyl-2,3-dimethyltridecane
The Rate Determining Step for Radical Halogenation of Cl2 and Br2 is
Propagation
X• + CH4 → •CH3 + HX
1. Octets
2. Charges (few as possible and on favorably charged atoms)