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Fully functional by resonance
Newman's Stereoisomers
It's Basically Acid
Say my name
Chem 80: Mechanisms/Arrows
100
Not an alcohol, but not just an aldehyde. Two pi bonds and a sigma bond. A nitrogen that is all alone with no oxygen nearby.
What is carboxylic acid. Alkyne. amine.
100
Define Constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Is Constitutional isomer a type stereoisomer?
What is Same molecular formula but different constitution (order of connectivity of atoms). Same molecular formula and constitution but different spatial arrangement of atoms. No, Both are completely seperate
100
this is the proton donor while the other is a proton acceptor, respectively.
What is Lewis Acid, Lewis Base
100
Benzene as a substituent. Benzene with another carbon that is a substituent.
What is Phenyl. Benzyl
100
Term used when a Halide packs its bags and just leaves.
What is Loss of leaving group
200
Both have a peak at 1700 cm, but the other has a peak at 2750 cm - 2850 cm. Represents an HDI of 4. Both have a peak at 1100 cm, but the other has a peak at 1700 cm. One peak at 3300 cm, but the other has two peaks at the same range on a different IR.
What is ketone / aldehyde. aromatic ring. ether / ester. 2nd amine, primary amine
200
A carbon with four unique groups attached to it? A subtype of stereoisomers where there exist a nonsuperimposable mirror image. A subtype of stereoisomers where there exist a nonsuperimposable non mirror image. Two letters that assumes you listed everything in their proper priorities. What did you do wrong: you got one configuration (R), but its actually (S), what is likely the problem?
What is Chiral, enantiomer, diastereomer, R (clockwise)/ S (counter clockwise) did not take into account your hydrogen coming out at you.
200
[During a reaction, an arrow is drawn showing the transfer of protons. ie: (protonation/deprotonation) (proton transfer).] The base of the arrow always starts on a _ _ from the _ ? The tip of the same arrow goes to the _ from the _ ? The electrons resulting from the broken bond have an arrow drawn showing that they stay on the _?
What is lone pair / base, proton / acid, Acid
200
Both methods give me the same same number of carbons in my parent chain what else should I consider? This 3 membered ring is my substituent? This prefix goes with any substituent that has a Y shape.
What is Maximize number of substituents. cyclopropyl. iso-.
200
Term for when the arrow goes from a lone pair on the nucleophile and ending on an electrophile. Another arrow pushing pattern that shows hydrogens being gained or lost depending on how you look at it. Be specific
What is Nucleophilic attack. proton transfer: protonation/ deprotonation.
300
Formula for HDI =. Formula for Formal charge =. Formula for Steric number, list possible steric numbers and what hybridization they correspond to.
What is 1/2 (2 X C + 2 - H + N - X). Valance electrons - sticks - dots. sigma bonds + lone pairs. 4,3,2 = sp3 sp2 sp.
300
The number of stereoisomers of a compound when there are 3 chiral centers? Configuration of (R)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-heptane. What atom is used as the tie breaker?
What is 8. The left side has a carbon while the right side has a hydrogen, based off atomic number.
300
[In terms of acidity:] A low or negative pKa = _ _, but deprotonates into a _ _. List 1 example of the prior A higher pKa = _ _, but deprotonates into a _ _. List 1 example of the prior Which is more acidic: Alkyne vs amine, why?
What is strong acid , weak base, h2so4, hcl, h30, weak acid, strong base, ethene, any alkane, amine, alkyne, alkyne because of sp hybridized stablized lone pair on the base making it super stable so the acid is a strong acid vs amine.
300
A substituent attached to the parent chain that has four carbons overall, but connected on the second carbon. Might be a chicken feet to some, but to others its the bulkiest substituent you'll ever learn. I may not have steric hindrance, but I will always have torsional strain.
What is sec butyl. tert-butyl. Eclipsed confirmation.
300
you are telling me this carbocation moves around? Yes, it does this in two ways. But why? Is the most stable carbocation you'll ever see.
What is Rearrangement : hydride shift, methyl shift, Carbocation on a more substituted carbon results in more stablity.
400
Name of the position of a carbocation adjacent to a double bond. The only rule you must never break when doing resonance, the other just never happens. Electron's adjacent to a double bond and thus spread across a structure Lone pairs on a carbon with a negative charge are held in the _ orbital?
What is allylic, never exceed octet, delocalized. p orbital.
400
Look ma, I flipped the wedges into dashes... but wait, these aren't enantiomers? Term to describe my left and right hand? One structure has a R , R , S while the other has a R, R, R. contains multiple chirality centers but is nevertheless achiral. objects are not superimposable are said to be (and that's all you know) ...
What is Identical ( meso ). Enantiomer. Diastereomer. Meso compound. Chiral.
400
Factors used to determine acidic of a proton and what they mean. What are the sub-factors within the first two that are also considered When these factors fail what also should be considered for acidicity? How is this explained? Based off the explaination which is more acidic: water or ethanol.
What is ARIO - A - size of the item and electronegativity R - electronegativity of the atoms that are doing resonance, Solubility effect: the conjugate base has more surface area to interact with the solvent, sterically hindered compounds can't do this as well so the base is more unstable resulting in a weaker conjugate acid. Water because the conjugate base is better stablized by the solubility effect so the conjugate acid is stronger.
400
I'm super stable when you look down my C2 - C3 bonds. I have no strains or hindrances. I have some steric hindrances, but I'm too cool to have torsional strain. Use me as a boat or use me as a chair, although I prefer chair.
What is Anti confirmation. Gauche confirmation. Cyclohexane.
400
Name of the species that is a electron-deficient atom capable of accepting a pair of electrons. Name of the species that is a electron-rich atom capable of donating a pair of electrons.
What is Electrophile. Nucleophile.
500
An ether, only the oxygen is replaced with a sulfur An alcohol with a sulfur instead of oxygen. Shown on an IR as a peak that is close, but less than where peaks from ketones, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and even esters would show up. Once this functional group is deprotonated, you can't even tell where the proton was originally. Carbon likes nitrogen and oxygen, but it likes oxygen twice as much.
What is Sulfide, Thiol Alkene, Carboxylic acid, Amide.
500
Internal plane of symmetry. Structures appears to be the same by rotation and doesn't have a plane of symmetry. Priorities shown in counter clockwise fashion. This drawing has arms that are coming out and want to hug you! Many times they contain a hydrogen that you don't consider coming out before you write in your final answer.
What is Meso. identical (non meso). S. Fischer projections.
500
Equilibrium always favors formation of the _ _ ? These 2 species are amphoteric ? what does this mean? Another common word for a base is _ while the word for your acid would be _ ?
What is Weak acid. Water and amine, can act as acid or base. Nucleophile, electrophile.
500
I prefer the chair with methyl attached sticking axial up but it keeps flipping itself into another conformation and would rather be in that conformation. What can be said about the chair. Why does it keep doing this? I see another chair with only tert-butyl is attached to it where would you rather have it? Why ?
What is The chair I like is unstable due to 1,3-diaxial interactions and would rather have the methyl group be equatorial. You would want the bulky group equtorial to minimize 1,3-diaxial interactions and minimize steric hindrance.
500
Halogens as substituents: -Cl, -Br Alkyl halide with two other R groups attached
What is chloro, bromo. secondary