Light
We say light has a "dual nature" or "duality" what are the two things in that duo?
light nature and particle nature
What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength for any wave?
inversely proportional
What is the principle quantum number of an electron in a p shaped orbital, in the 3rd energy level, in the x-plane of space, with a +1/2 spin?
3 (principle quantum number is just the energy level!)
Electron configurations are typically written for atoms in what state?
ground state, lowest energy levels filled
As an electron goes from a higher energy level to a lower one, we say energy will be ________
emitted
Describe frequency in concept and common units.
How many waves pass a point in a certain time, often described in Hertz, which means 'per second'
Energy of a wave is directly proportional to...
frequency
What angular quantum number (l) goes with the d (clover) shape?
2
Draw an orbital-style electron configuration for neutral sulfur.
(Should have 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s all full, then one set of paired electrons in 3s and two singles)
An electron always fills lower energy level orbitals first. Name the law/rule/principle.
Aufbau Principle
Describe the speed the different kinds of electromagnetic radiation (x-rays vs. radio vs. visible light etc)
all the same, represented c, 3.00 x 108 m/s
If an electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 6,000 Hz, what is its wavelength?
50,000 m
How many different sublevels are in the 3rd energy shell of atoms?
3 (s, p, and d)
What element would have this ground state configuration?
[Ar]3d104s24p5
Bromine
Split up electrons within a sublevel before going back to pair them up. Name the rule/law/principle.
Hunds Rule
When a sufficient frequency of light hits a metal within a charged space, what happens? What is this phenomena called?
electrons are ejected and pulled toward the positive, photoelectric effect
If an electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 5.6 x 1012 Hz, what is the energy of a photon of that light?
3.7 x 10-21 J
As you go from s to p to d to f, what happens to the number of orbitals per sublevel within a shell?
add 2!
1 s orbital
3 p orbitals
5 d orbitals
7 f orbitals
Write out a complete electron configuration for strontium.
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p65s2
No two electrons have all 4 of the same quantum numbers. Name the rule/law/principle.
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Describe why different elements have different emission spectra.
There are different 'differences' between their energy levels electrons can be in, different 'jumps' in energy go with different wavelengths/colors.
ie: Some elements have a different pull on their electrons, resulting in ....
If a certain light has a wavelength of 650 nm, what is the energy of a photon of that light?
3.1 x 10-19 J
There are 3p orbitals per sublevel (that have p orbitals). How are those three orbitals different from one another?
orientations (magnetic quantum number, m)
Explain why we fill 4s orbitals before 3d.
Even though the 4s orbital is in a higher energy level(shell), the 4s orbital actually has a slightly lower energy than 3d, and we always fill lower energy orbitals first
Name three ions that are isoelectric to neutral Argon.
S2- Cl- P3- K+ Ca2+