Electrons
What can the quantum number L represent?
the s, p, d and f orbitals
What is the molecular geometry of CO2? Does the molecule have a dipole?
Linear, no
What rule states that atoms tend to form bonds until they are surrounded by 8 valence electrons?
Define ionization energy
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Make sure the equation is balanced
2
What is the bond angle in a molecule with tetrahedral geometry?
109.5
In the molecule H2O, how many lone pairs would be on the central O atom?
2
Which atom is larger S or Po? You must explain why
Po because it has more electron shells
What is the mass of 1mol of H2O?
18.02g
Which rule states that each orbital in a sublevel has to have one electron before any orbital gets a second?
Hund's rule
What is the hybridization of a molecule with trigonal planar geometry?
sp2
What is the formal charge of hydroxide?
1-
Which element has the higher Ionization Energy?
WHY?
Sr or Te
Te, because it is a smaller atom meaning its electrons are close to the nucleus and tightly held onto.
Takes a lot of energy to remove an electron
In the reaction 2H2 + O2 -> 2H2O, which is the limiting reactant, if there are 5 grams of each reactant?
Oxygen
What does the principle quantum number (n) tell us about an electrons orbital?
Its energy level, or shell
What is the electron domain geometry and molecular geometry of NH3? Determine the bond polarity for each bond and the dipole moment if any. (provide a drawing)
EDG: Tetrahedral
MG: Trigonal pyramid
The most stable Lewis structure minimizes what?
Formal charge
What is the difference between effective nuclear charge and electron shielding?
Both include taking into account the core electrons (those between the nucleus and the valence shell)
In electron shielding the core electrons act as a buffer or shield between the nucleus and the valence electrons reducing the effect or pull the nucleus has on the valence electrons themselves. Shielding increases as you go down a column.
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) is the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons. Zeff increases as you go across a row or period because there is no increase in energy level, yet there are increasing numbers of protons *and* electrons, increasing the attraction between the nucleus and the electron cloud.
What is the balanced version of this equation?
C3H8 + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H2O
What element has the following electron config?
1s22s22p63s23p4
Sulfur
What is the electron and molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 single bonds and 2 lone pairs of electrons?
Electron geometry: Tetrahedral
Molecular: Bent
Draw a molecule that has tetrahedral molecular geometry, a central N atom, 4 single bonds, and an over all charge of +1
NH4+
Arrange the following by increasing size
Lithium,
Oxygen and its ion
O O2- Li
neutral O is smallest because of greatest effective nuclear charge (Zeff)
O2-, oxide (anion) comes next because of a decrease in effective nuclear charge, (more electrons, more repelling force between valence and other shells)
Neutral Lithium is the largest, leftmost element, less Zeff
What mass of HCl is required to react completely with 100g of Mg2Si?
Mg2Si + 4HCl --> 2MgCl2 + SiH4
190.11 g HCl