Unit 1
What is the Van't Hoff Factor (i)?
The number of species present in a solution
What are the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis definitions of acids and bases?
Arrhenius acids produce H+ in water, and bases produce OH-.
Brønsted-Lowry acids are proton donors, and bases are proton acceptors.
Lewis acids accept electron pairs, and Lewis bases donate them.
What type of reaction occurs at the cathode and anode?
Cathode= reduction
Anode= Oxidation
In a solution of solid NaCl dissolved in water, what is the solute?
a) Water
b) NaCl
c) Both water and NaCl
d) Neither water nor NaCl
B) NaCl
Which acid is stronger?
A.) HClO
B.) HBrO
C.) HIO
D.) HClO3
D.) HClO3 (It is an oxoacid and the more oxygen it has, the better it can handle the (-) charge)
What do colligative properties depend on?
The number of solute particles (ex., boiling point, freezing point, vapor pressure, osmotic pressure)
What does it for the pH as the Ka increases?
It decreases (more acidic)
What is the common ion effect?
When an ion is present in both components of the solution which reduces the solubility
Which factor does not affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
a) Temperature
b) Concentration of reactants
c) Time
d) Nature of the reactants
C.) Time
Name 6 different colleges at Pitt
Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, Swanson School of engineering, Graduate School of International Affairs, Medicine, Dental, Public Health, Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Pharmacy, Nursing, Law, Frederick Honors College, Education, Computing and Information
What equation would be used to solve for Henry's Law Constant?
Cgas= kHPgas
Which salt solution will have a pH > 7?
A. NH₄Cl
B. KNO₃
C. Na₂CO₃
D. AlCl₃
C. Na₂CO₃ comes from a weak acid and strong base — basic solution.)
Which of the following salts has the highest molar solubility?
a. SrCO3 (Ksp = 9.3 × 10-10 )
b. AgCl (Ksp = 1.8 × 10-10)
c. BaF2 (Ksp = 1 × 10-6 )
d. BaSO4 (Ksp = 1.1 × 10-10 )
e. MnS (Ksp = 2.5 × 10–10)
C. BaF2 (Ksp = 1 × 10-6 )
Which of the following best describes the rate law for a reaction?
A. It depends only on products
B. It is always determined from the balanced equation
C. It is determined experimentally
D. It always includes all reactants
C.) It is determined experimentally
A buffer is most effective when:
A. The acid and base are strong
B. The acid and base concentrations are low
C. pH ≈ pKa and [acid] ≈ [base]
D. The pH is extremely high or low
C. pH ≈ pKa and [acid] ≈ [base]
Which solution will have the lowest freezing point?
A. 1.0 m NaCl
B. 1.0 m C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
C. 1.0 m MgCl₂
D. 1.0 m CH₃COOH
MgCl2
How does changing the temperature (increasing/decreasing) affect an equilibrium system?
exothermic: increasing temp shifts left.
endothermic: increasing temp shifts right.
If 500 mL of 1.2 × 10–6 M AgNO3 is mixed with 500 mL of 1.2 × 10–6 M NaBr, what will
occur? For AgBr, Ksp = 5 × 10–13 .
a. Sodium bromide will precipitate.
b. No precipitation will occur.
c. Silver(I) bromide will precipitate.
d. The concentration of Ag+ will be 1.2 × 10–6 M.
e. 6.0 × 10–7 mol of AgBr will form.
B. No precipitation will occur.
A reaction is second order with respect to A. If [A] is doubled, the rate will:
A. Stay the same
B. Double
C. Quadruple
D. Decrease by half
C.) Quadruple
Name the major or possible major of the person to the left
Varies
Which of the following statements is true?
A.) In general, the solubility of a solid in water decreases with increasing temperature.
B.) In general, the solubility of a gas in water decreases with increasing temperature
C.) The solubility of a gas in water usually increases with decreasing pressure
D.) The solubility of an ionic solid in water decreases with increasing temperature
B.) In general, the solubility of a gas in water decreases with increasing temperature
If the value of Kc is very large, what is true at equilibrium?
a) The rate of the forward reaction is much greater than the rate of the reverse reaction.
b) The rate of the reverse reaction is much greater than the rate of the forward reaction.
c) The concentration of reactants is much greater than the concentration of products.
d) The concentration of products is much greater than the concentration of reactants.
D) The concentration of products is much greater than the concentration of reactants.
Which indicator would be most appropriate for the titration of a strong acid with a strong base?
A. Methyl orange (pH range ~3.1–4.4)
B. Phenolphthalein (pH range ~8.3–10.0)
C. Bromothymol blue (pH range ~6.0–7.6)
D. Thymol blue (pH range ~1.2–2.8)
C.) Bromothymol blue (pH range ~6.0–7.6)
What is activation energy?
It is the minimum amount of energy that reactant particles must have in order to successfully collide and form products
What happens to vapor pressure when a nonvolatile solute is added?
It decreases due to the nature of nonvolatile solutes (tends to stay in the liquid phase and not turn to gas easily), which means fewer molecules can turn to the gas phase and contribute to the vapor pressure.