Astonishing Atoms
This is the smallest basic unit of matter.
What is an atom?
A solution with a pH below 7 is classified as this.
What is acidic?
This phrase explains why polar substances usually dissolve in polar substances.
What is “like dissolves like”?
These biological catalysts speed up reactions without being used up.
What are enzymes?
Convert 4 kilometers to meters.
What is 4,000 meters?
These two particles are found inside the nucleus.
What are protons and neutrons?
This ion’s concentration is measured by the pH scale.
What is the hydrogen ion, or H⁺?
Water is described as this because its electrical charge is distributed unevenly.
What is polar?
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the amount of energy needed to begin the reaction.
What is activation energy?
An atom has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. Calculate its mass number.
What is 23?
This number tells you how many protons an element has.
What is the atomic number?
Each decrease of one pH unit represents this many times more hydrogen ions.
What is 10 times?
When an atom gains electrons, it becomes this type of ion.
What is a anion?
A cell is placed in a solution with the same water concentration inside and outside the cell. Name the solution and describe the cell.
What is isotonic; the cell stays about the same size?
How many neutrons are in an oxygen atom with a mass number of 16 and an atomic number of 8?
What is 8 neutrons?
These electrons are found in the outermost shell and participate in chemical bonding.
What are valence electrons?
This type of solution prevents large changes in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added.
What is a buffer?
These attractions help hold the two strands of DNA together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration outside the cell. Predict the movement of water and the effect on the cell and name of solution.
What is water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink, hypertonic?
Calculate and round correctly using significant figures: 8.4 × 8.0 = ?
What is 67?
Two atoms of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. These atoms are called this.
What are isotopes?
A solution at pH 5 has this many times more H⁺ than a solution at pH 7.
What is 100 times more?
Water is polar, and oil is nonpolar. Using the idea of “like dissolves like,” explain why oil does not dissolve in blood plasma.
What is blood plasma is mostly water and therefore polar, so nonpolar oil does not dissolve well in it?
A cell is moved from an isotonic solution into a hypotonic solution. Explain how the movement of water changes and predict what happens to the cell.
What is water goes from moving equally in both directions to moving into the cell, causing the cell to swell and possibly burst, hypotonic?
Carbon has a molar mass of 12.0 g/mol. How many moles are in 48.0 grams of carbon?
What is 4.00 moles?