Le Chatelier’s Principle/Ocean Acidification/Antacid Neutralization Rxns
When more reactant is added to a system at equilibrium, Le Chatelier's Principle says the system will shift where?
toward the products?
A solution with a pH below 7 is called this.
Acid
In the pair HCl / Cl⁻, HCl is the acid and Cl⁻ is this.
the conjugate base?
This type of chemical reaction occurs when two or more substances combine to form one product.
synthesis reaction
this weakest type of intermolecular forces occurs between all molecules, even noble gases.
london dispersion force
This gas dissolves in ocean water and leads to ocean acidification by forming carbonic acid.
carbon dioxide (CO₂)
A solution with a pH above7 is called this.
Basic
To travel from "Massfield" to "Moletown" and back in stoichiometry, the correct route includes these three major steps.
Convert mass to moles (Massfield → Moletown)
Use mole ratio from balanced equation (Moletown transit)
Convert moles to mass (Moletown → Massfield)?
The molar mass of H₂O in grams per mole
18.02 g/mol
this type of intermolecular forces occurs between polar molecules
dipole-dipole interaction
This common antacid ingredient reacts with hydrochloric acid in the stomach to produce water, salt, and carbon dioxide gas.
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃)
The pH and pOH of a solution always add up to this number at 25°C.
14
This is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
molarity (M)
what is the name of when solutions of AgNO₃ and NaCl are mixed.
What is silver chloride AgCl a precipitate
this unusually strong type of dipole interaction occurs when hydrogen is bonded to nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine
hydrogen bonding
Adding a base to a solution at equilibrium will shift the reaction this way if the base removes hydrogen ions from the solution.
toward the products (to replace the lost H⁺ ions)
This gas, released by burning fossil fuels, contributes both to global warming and ocean acidification.
carbon dioxide
a. H₂O, OH⁻
b. H₃SO₄, SO₄²⁻
c. HC₂H₃O₂, C₂H₃O₂⁻
Which of the following represent conjugate acid-base pairs?
a
Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
which element is displaced
Cu
this is the primary intermolecular forces responsible for water's high boiling point compared to other similar-sized
hydrogen bonding
As ocean acidification increases, this marine process becomes more difficult due to lower carbonate ion concentration, threatening organisms like corals and shellfish.
calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) shell formation or calcification
Climate change can increase atmospheric CO₂, which dissolves into seawater and shifts this chemical equilibrium:
CO₂ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ H₂CO₃ (aq) ⇌ H⁺ (aq) + HCO₃⁻ (aq)
Le Chatelier's Principle predicts the direction of the shift when CO₂ levels rise.
You have 50.0 mL of 0.200 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and 75.0 mL of 0.150 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.
What is the limiting reactant
Limiting reactant: HCl
__Al + Fe₂O₃ ->Al₂O₃ + Fe
fill in the blank
2
in ion-dipole interactions the strength of attraction increases when the dipole's partial charge increases and this property of the ion also increases
ionic charge density