Chem Vocab
What are the Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases?
* Acid: Substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in H2O.
*Base: Substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in H2O.
what is important about the amount of buffer?
It must be 10x greater than the strong acid added.
Give the pH of solutions with the following concentrations: [H3O+] = 1x10-5M
[OH-] = 1x10-9M
1. 5
2. 5
what is the name and formula for an acid that is a *Manufacture of aluminum nitrate fertilizer
*military explosives
*yellow color when reacts with skin proteins
Nitric Acid (Strong acid)
HNO3
What are the BrØnsted-Lowry definitions of acids and bases?
Acid: any substance that is able to give H+ to another molecule/ ion
Base: any substance that accepts an H+ from an acid
what happens when too much acid or base is added in a buffer?
the buffer will be unable to stop the pH change
Predict whether the following salts produce an acidic, basic, or neutral solution:
A. K2SO4
B. Na2HPO4
A. neutral
B.basic
What is a conjugate base pair?
two chemical species that only differ by a single H atom that, depending on the presence or absence of said H atom, is either an acid or a base
Substances like water that can act as an acid or a base in different scenarios is called ______.
amphoteric
what is the definition of dissociation?
Dissociation is the process of an acid losing its H+
In the following scenarios, identify whether water is acting as a base or an acid:
H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l) → H2PO4---(aq) + H3O+(aq)
F---(aq) + H2O(l) → HF (aq) + OH---(aq)
NH4+(aq) + H2O(aq) → NH3(aq) + H3O+(aq)
1. base
2. acid
3. base
What is the definition of an ulcer?
What causes Peptic Ulcers
An Ulcer is a hole where a hole should not be
Heliobacter Pylori
what is the definition of a buffer?
A buffer is the mixture of substances that act together to prevent a drastic change in pH
when does acid not dissociate?
when more acid is present than base; if only some acid is exposed to base; if there is no base present.
The conjugate acid of HS-
The conjugate acid of PO43-
The conjugate base of H2CO3
4. The conjugate base of NH4+
1. H2S
2. HPO4 (2-)
3. HCO3 (-)
4. NH3
Name 3 pH indicators and how they work
1. Acid-base indicator- a dye that changes color depending on the pH of the solution
2. Rolls of pH paper- a drop of solution can be added to paper. pH paper change color. new color compared to calibration chart
3. Electric pH- Electrodes added to solution. Using electric currents, it reads pH
What is the definition of a titration?
Titration is the process of determining the total acid concentration of a solution via neutralization.
How does one measure total acid concentration?
By using pH indicator, i can add known volume and concentration. Once Neutral, i can calculate acid concentration using the measured amount of known neutralization volume and concentration.
Definition of Strong acid and base
Which of the following would you expect to be BrØnsted-Lowry acids?
HCO2H
H2S
SnCl2
Which of the following would you expect to be BrØnsted-Lowry bases?
SO32-
Ag+
F-
Strong acid: able to give up H+ easily
Strong base: able to receive H+ easily
answer for 1: 1+2
answer for 2: 1+3
3 common acid base reactions and one piece of info for each
1. Acid and hydroxide ions- when acid reacts with hydroxide ions, water and salt are formed
2. Acid and bicarbonate/ carbonate- Even though they are insoluble in water, they will react with aqueous acid
3. Acid and ammonia- Acids react with ammonia to yield ammonia salts , most of which are H2O soluble
NH3 + HCl ⟶ NH4Cl