Solutions
In the case of a solution of a gas or solid dissolved in a liquid, this would be the gas or solid.
What is:
a Solute
The energy released when one mole of the ionic compound forms from its free ions in the gas phase
What is:
Lattice energy
In most cases, solubility _______ with increasing temperature. However, for a number of compounds, solubility ______ with increasing temperature.
The difference is explained by differences in ___________________.
What is:
Increases, Decreases,
The heat of solution.
Solutions properties that depend on the concentration of the solute molecules or ions in solution but not on the chemical identity of the solute.
What are:
Colligative properties
What is:
Tb= Kbm
Tf = Kfm
A solution that contains less than the maximum concentration of a solute possible at a given temperature and can dissolve more of the solute into the solution
What is:
An unsaturated solution
The algebraic sum of enthalpy changes associated with formation of ionic solid from constituent elements.
What is:
Born-Hager Cycle
When a solution temperature decreases as the solute dissolve, the solubility will _______.
When a solution temperature increases as the solute dissolves, the solubility will _______.
What is:
Increase,
Decrease.
When a solute is nonvolatile, PA is the total vapor pressure of the solution.
What is:
Raoult’s Law
PA = PoAXA
Cinnamon owes its flavor and odor to cinnamaldehyde (C9H8O). Determine the boiling-point elevation of a solution of 100 mg of cinnamaldehyde dissolve in 1.00 g of carbon tetrachloride (Kb = 2.34oC/m)
What is:
1.77oC
If a solution of chloride in water is 0.354 M Cl- at 25 degrees Celsius, and the density of the solution is 0.456 g/mL, what is the morality of Cl- in the solution?
0.798 M Cl-
If given the equation:
Na(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) -> NaCl(s) deltaHf = -411.2 kJ
List the steps one would take to find the Lattice Energy
What is:
1. sublimation of 1 mole Na(s) -> Na(g)
2. breaking bonds of 1/2 mole of Cl2(g)
3. ionization of 1 mole Na(g) atoms
4. ionization of 1 mole Cl(g) atoms
5. formation of 1 mole NaCl(s) from ions (g)
If a solution contains components of similar intermolecular forces, it would be a ________ solution. If not, it would be a ________ solution.
What is:
Homogeneous,
Heterogeneous.
Calculate the vapor-pressure lowering of water when 5.67 g of glucose is dissolved in 25.2 g of water at 25oC. The vapor pressure of water at 25oC is 23.8 mmHg. Determine the vapor pressure of the solution.
What is:
23.3 mmHg
What is:
van’s Hoff Factor
Fluids that mix with or dissolve in each other in all proportions are said to be ________. Those that do not dissolve in each other are said to be ________.
What is:
Miscible and Immiscible
The hypothetical ionic compound AB2 is very soluble in water. Another hypothetical ionic compound, CB2, is only slightly soluble in water. The lattice energies for these compounds are about the same. Provide an explanation for the solubility difference between these compounds.
What is:
The hydration energy for AB2 must be greater than the hydration energy for CB2
Henry’s Law describes..
What is:
the effect of pressure on gas solubility
Cgas / Sgas = kHPgas
When mixtures contain more than one volatile component, this equation helps us calculate our total vapor pressure.
What is:
Ptotal= X1P1o+X2P2o+….
CaCl2 is widely used to melt frozen precipitation on sidewalks after a winter storm. Could CaCl2 next ice at -20oC? Assume that the solubility of CaCl2 at this temperature is 70.0 g/ 100.0 g of H2O and that the van’s Hoff factor for a saturated solution of CaCl2 is 2.5 (Kf for water is 1.86 oC/m)
What is:
The ice will melt.
Polar solvents can dissolve _______ and _______ solutes.
Non-polar solvents can dissolve ________ solute.
What is:
Polar, Ionic
Non-polar
For ionic solids - enthalpy of solution depends on..
( 3 answers )
What is:
Energies holding solute ions in crystal lattice
Energies holding solvent molecules together
Attractions between solute ions and solvent molecules
How many grams of NH3 will dissolve in 0.10 L of solution when its partial pressure is 7.6 torr?
What is:
0.99 g
A solution contains 100.0 g of water (MW= 18.0 g/mol) and 25.00 g of ethanol (MW = 46.0 g/mol). What are the mole fractions of water and ethanol, and the vapor pressure of the solution at 25oC?
(Powater= 23.8 torr; Poethanol= 58.7 torr)
What is:
PT= 26.9 torr
If 25.0 g of an unknown solute is dissolved in 253.2 g of solvent, the osmotic pressure is determined to be of 35.0 atm at 25oC. What is the molar mass of the solute, if the density of the solution is 1.12 g/mL at?
What is:
70.4 g/mol