Chemical Bonding 1
Electrons that are involved in atomic bonding
What are Valence Electrons?
What is an ionic bond
the electrostatic attraction between the sea od delocalized electrons and the positively charged metal cations
Metallic bond
the trends of electronegativity across a period and down a group
across a period: increases
Down a group: decreases
Electrons are shared equally between the atoms in this covalent bond
What is a nonpolar covalent bond
This rule states that atoms tend to form bonds so that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.
What is the Octet Rule?
this compound is formed between a metal and a nonmetal
ionic compound
non metal atoms share some or all of their valence electrons in this type of bond to become more stable and achieve th noble gas configuration
What is a covalent bond
there are 6 electrons shared in this type of bond (3 pairs of electrons)
what is a triple bond
Electrons are not shared equally between the atoms in this covalent bond
What is a polar covalent bond
when an atom loses an electron
What is a Cation
When an atom gains an electron
What is an anion
A neutral group of atoms held together by one or more covalent bonds
What is a molecule
the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond
What is Electronegativity
When calculating electronegativity difference between atoms in a bond:
1. <0.4
2. 0.4-2.0
3. > 2.0
1. Nonpolar covalent
2. Polar Covalent
3. Ionic bond
This type of bond conducts electricity only when molten or aqueous but not when solid
What is an Ionic bond
a model that shows the smallest number of particles possible to represent the arrangement of ions
What is a Unit cell
This type of bond has a very high melting and boiling point (the compounds tend to be solid at room temperature)
What is an Ionic Bond or
What is a metallic bond
(both bonds have high melting and boiling points)
This theory states that bonding pairs of electrons and lone pairs of valence electrons repel each other and push each other as far away as possible to minimize the electrostatic repulsions between them
VSEPR Theory
This is the weakest intermolecular force of attraction
What is London Dispersion Force
An orderly, repeating 3-D pattern of many ions, atoms, or molecules (e.g. each sodium ion is surrounded by 6 chloride ions, each chloride ion is surrounded by 6 sodium ions)
Crystal lattice
the law that shows that force is proportional to the charge of the ions and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the ions
Coulomb's law
These are some of the elements that are exceptions to the octet rule
What is Hydrogen, Boron, Beryllium, Phosphorous, Sulfur
The three types of covalent bonds
single, double, triple
This is the strongest intermolecular force of attraction
Hydrogen Bonding