Atomic Combination
Atoms combine in order to become more ___ and lower their energy.
Stable
Ionic bonds form between a ___ and a ___.
Metal and non-metal.
Covalent bonds form between what two types of elements?
Two non-metals.
What is a polyatomic ion?
A charged group of atoms bonded covalently.
Metallic bonding occurs between what type of elements?
Metals.
What is the rule that says atoms want 8 valence electrons?
The Octet Rule.
A positively charged ion is called a _____.
Cation
What happens to electrons in a covalent bond?
They are shared between atoms.
What is the charge of the nitrate ion (NO₃)?
–1
What term describes how electrons move freely around metal atoms?
“Sea of electrons.”
What are the two main types of atomic combinations/bonds we studied?
Ionic and Covalent bonding.
A negatively charged ion is called a _____.
Anion
What do we call a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds?
A molecule.
Which polyatomic ion is CO₃²⁻?
Carbonate
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
Their delocalized electrons can move easily.
Elements that easily lose electrons are usually on which side of the periodic table?
The left side (metals).
What force holds ionic bonds together?
Electrostatic attraction between opposite charges.
If atoms share two pairs of electrons, what type of covalent bond is that?
A double bond.
If a compound contains calcium (Ca²⁺) and nitrate (NO₃⁻), what is the formula?
Ca(NO₃)₂.
Why are metals malleable (can be bent) and ductile (can be stretched)?
Metal atoms can slide past each other while electrons hold them together.
What do we call the positive and negative particles that form when atoms transfer electrons?
Ions
What happens to electrons in an ionic bond?
They are transferred from the metal to the nonmetal.
Why do covalent bonds usually form between nonmetals instead of metals?
Nonmetals have similar electronegativities and both want to gain electrons, so they share.
Why do parentheses matter when writing formulas with polyatomic ions?
They show that the entire ion needs multiple copies, not just one element.
In metallic bonding, what keeps the metal structure together?
Attraction between metal cations and the sea of delocalized electrons.