Reactions
a chemical reaction where two simple compounds or elements combine to form one compound
synthesis
the number associated with an element in a chemical equation that is related to the number of electrons gained or lost
oxidation state
this is used as a conversion factor when converting between grams and moles
molar mass
this is caused by gas particles hitting each other and the walls of the container
gas pressure
the transition from solid to gas
sublimation
two ionic compounds swap partners, resulting in two new ionic compounds
double replacement
when an element loses electrons it is __________
oxidized
this is used as the conversion factor when converting between moles of one substance to moles of another substance
mole ratio
the international system unit for pressure and its symbol
pascal, Pa
the point at which all three states exist at once
triple point
a single compound breaks down into two simple compounds or elements
decomposition
when an element gains electrons it is __________
reduced
the reactant that runs out first in a reaction
limiting reactant
in this state, molecules are held together loosely by intermolecular forces but are still able to move around each other
liquid
if a gas is put under enough pressure (but there is no temperature change) it transitions to:
a liquid
a metal replaces another metal in a compound, or a hydrogen in an acid or in water
single replacement
the compounds or elements that go into a reaction are these
reactants
the amount of a product calculated using stoichiometry
theoretical yield
no intermolecular forces, metallic bonds or ionic bonds hold particles together in this state; particles have highest energy of all three main phases
gas
the movement of a liquid or gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
fuel and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor
combustion
the elements or compounds that are the result of a chemical reaction are these
products
this is calculated using the theoretical and actual yield; it shows how successful a chemical reaction is
percent yield
phase which is normally the most dense; has definite shape; lowest energy particles so they can only vibrate in place
solids
all stoichiometry problems must be solved using this unit
moles