History
The pre-cursor to the modern perm, the cold wave, was invented by Arnold F Willatt - which needed no _________ or ___________ for processing.
no heat or machines
What solutions contain more hydrogen atoms: Acidic or Alkaline
Acidic
A good perm result usually on requires the breaking of an average of _______% of the disulfide bonds in healthy hair.
50
An _____________ wave is the strongest type of permanent wave and is best used on hair that is classified as resistant.
Alkaline
Glyceryl is derived from ___________ which is an ingredient used in a permanent wave lotion toi help lower the pH due to its moisturizing properties.
Glycerin
Who introduced the croquignole wrapping method for medium to short lengths of hair in 1924?
Josef Mayer
Each number on the pH scale is ____ times more alkaline or acidic than the next number in the sequence.
10
What is the main ingredient in a neutralizer?
hydrogen peroxide or sodium bromate
processed by the application of a heat source - hood dryer or heat processor; cannot be processed at room temperature
An inorganic compound of clear liquid composed of 1 part nitrogen and 3 parts hydrogen.
Ammonia
Who was the German hairdresser that created the electric permanent wave machine to create permanent curls in the hair?
Karl Nessler
Elements are any substance made of ___ type(s) of atom(s) and cannot be chemically broken down.
1
For a Basic Perm wrap, what:
sectioning is typically used
type of rod is used
wrapping technique is used?
9 block; concave; croquignole
The main active ingredient in true acid waves?
GMTG Glyceryl Monothioglycolate
The main ingredient in an alkaline wave is?
Thioglycolic Acid
When was the Acid perm invented?
1970s
Electrons are __________ charged particles that revolve around the ______ on orbiting paths.
negatively; nucleus
The breaking of the disulfide bonds in permanent waving is also known as ______________.
Reduction
This is a permanent wave processed without heat and produce a firmer curl, processing more quickly than a true acid wave.
Acid Balancing Wave
This ingredient creates a reducing agent in chemical relaxers and permanent waves.
Ammonium Thioglycolate
The Johnson Products Company eventually dissolved into what?
L'Oreal
Suspension is a mixture that blends _______ particles together without dissolving into a liquid or _______.
liquid; solid
The end result of the permanent wave will be influenced by 3 things: _________ of hair, __________ of rod, and rod ______________.
length of hair, diameter of rod, and rod placement
For porous, fragile, color treated and damaged hair types - what perm would be best used?
Acid wave
An organic compound that is a colorless, flammable and pungent gas.
Formaldehyde