Energy and More
The law stating that energy gained or lost by the system equals the energy lost or gained by the surroundings
first law of thermodynamics
This term describes a reaction that absorbs heat
endothermic
A device used to measure heat
barometer
This is a change of substance from a solid directly into a gas
sublimation
A measure of the disorder or randomness of a system's atoms and particles
entropy
This value of enthalpy is assigned to an element in standard state
0 J
This quantity equals the internal energy plus the product of pressure and volume
enthalpy
The temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid, and gas phases of a substance are in equilibrium
triple point
This graph shows the state of a substance at different pressures and temperatures
phase diagram
This law of thermodynamics predicts that processes with a positive change in entropy tend to be spontaneous
second law
This area of chemistry deals with applying thermodynamic principles to energy changes in chemical reactions
chemical thermodynamics
In this type of reaction, the change in enthalpy will be positive
exothermic
The point on a phase diagram above which the distinction between liquid and gas disappears
critical point
This is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the total pressure of all gases present
boiling point
This law of thermodynamics states that it is absolutely impossible to cool a system to absolute zero in a finite time
third law
This law states that when a series of reactions occurs, the enthalpy of the net reaction equals the sum of the individual reactions' enthalpies
Hess's law
In this type of reaction, heat can be considered a product
exothermic
This term refers to the heat required to cause a unit rise in the temperature of a unit mass of a substance
specific heat
The energy per unit mass required to melt a substance at its melting point
enthalpy of fusion
When freezing liquid water, the change in entropy is expected to be this
negative
This is the best reason that internal energy is considered a state function
Changes in internal energy are independent of the path taken
This term refers to a substance's normal physical state at 100 kPa and a specified temperature
standard state
Name the symbols for the following:
Gibbs free energy
specific heat
joule
heat
internal energy
G - Gibbs
c - S.H.
J - Joule
Q - heat
E - I.E.
As temperature increases, the ________ of a substance increases
vapor pressure
Name the symbols for the following:
entropy
enthalpy
work
change in
S - entropy
H - enthalpy
W - work
(delta) - C.I.