basics of chemical structure
this is any substance that occupies space & has mass
matter
this is a stable, uniform mixture of two substances
solution
these are alcohols that evaporate easily
volatile alcohols
this is a solution that has a pH lower than 7
acidic solution
this allows oil and water to mix- or emulsify
surfactants
this is the simplest form of chemical matter
element
this substance can dissolve in a solution
solute
this is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
ammonia
this is a solution that has a pH above 7
alkaline solution
this is the head of the surfactant molecule that is water loving (attracts water)
hydrophilic
these subatomic particles have a negative charge
electrons
these are liquids that are mutually soluble (can mix together)
miscible
this is a sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in body creams
glycerin
this AHA is used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products
glycolic acids
an atom or molecule that carries an electric charge
ion
these subatomic particles have a positive charge
protons
these are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid
suspensions
this is a special oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin
silicones
these compounds react with acids to form salts and are known as bases
alkalis
also known as redox-a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced by losing oxygen and the reducing agent is oxidized by gaining oxygen
oxidation-reduction
these subatomic particles have no charge
neutrons
this ingredient brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them
emulsifier
these compounds contain carbon and evaporate very easily
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
this is a very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners- also known as lye
sodium hydroxide
this is a chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat
exothermic