Properties of Matter
What type of information is described as non-numerical and can include terms like "heavy" or "short"?
Qualitative information.
Describe the arrangement of molecules in solids.
Molecules in solids are tightly packed and do not readily change shape.
What is a pure substance?
A pure substance has uniform and unchanging physical properties.
What is the first step in writing the formula for an ionic compound?
Write out the symbol and ion charge for the cation.
How do you name a compound made up of a simple metal and non-metal pairing?
Define physical property and give two examples
A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity. Examples: density, color.
How do liquids behave in terms of shape and volume?
Liquids conform to the shape of their containers and have slight changes in volume due to heat or pressure.
Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures.
Homogeneous mixtures have uniform composition, while heterogeneous mixtures have different physical properties regardless of composition.
How do you determine the charge of a metal ion when it has more than one possible charge?
You can determine the charge used by applying the "teeter-totter" method.
What prefix is used to indicate one water molecule in a hydrate?
Mono-.
What is the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions called?
Chemical property.
What happens to gas volume when heat is applied?
Gas volume can change drastically as a result of heat or pressure.
What does "aqueous solution" refer to?
A solution in which water is the solvent.
Provide the formula for potassium oxide.
K2O
What is the correct name for HCl(aq)?
hydrochloric acid
What is the difference between extensive and intensive properties?
Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance present; intensive properties depend solely on the substance's nature.
Define viscosity in a manner that a second grader would understand.
Viscosity how thick and goopy something is. More viscosity means it take a lot longer for something to pour out.
How is an element defined in terms of particles?
An element is made of identical atoms.
What is the chemical formula for manganese (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate?
Mn(SO4)2 - 4H2O
What is the correct name for this compound: (NH4)2Cr2O7?
ammonium dichromate
Explain the term "observation" in scientific terms, using at least one vocabulary word from this unit.
An observation is qualitative information collected through the use of our senses.
What are the three types of kinetic energy AND which type is most significant in phase changes?
Rotational, vibrational, and translational energy. Translational is the most important in triggering phase changes.
How do your know which component of a solution is the solvent?
The solvent is the component in a solution that exists in the greater quantity UNLESS water is present, in which case water is considered the solvent.
What is the chemical formula for nitrous acid?
HNO2(aq)
How do you name covalent compounds?
Use prefixes for the number of atoms and change the second element's name to end in –ide