States Of Matter
Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
An alternate way to state Avogadro’s law is “All other things being equal, the number of molecules in a gas is directly proportional to the volume of the gas.” What is the meaning of the term “directly proportional?”
The number of particles in the gas increases as the volume increases.
List 5 different chemical reactions that may occur.
What is the smallest part of an atom?
The smallest part of an atom is called a "particle" or an "electron.
What is the name of the chart that organizes all the known elements?
The chart that organizes all the known elements is called the "periodic table."
What happens to the motion of the particles at this “absolute zero” temperature?
Particles become completely still.
If the temperature of a fixed amount of a gas is doubled at constant volume, what happens to the pressure?
Temperature and Pressure are directly proportional. Pressure will also have to increase (doubling).
What are 5 common chemical reactions?
combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion
What is the nucleus of an atom made of?
The nucleus of an atom is made of "protons" and "neutrons."
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
Elements are arranged on the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number.
What is the point called when all 3 states of matter can be observed?
Triple Point.
Sometimes leaving a bicycle in the sun on a hot day will cause a blowout. Why?
As the temperature of a gas rises, so does the pressure according to the ideal gas law. The tire's volume can only stretch so far before the rubber reaches its limit and releases the accumulated pressure.
What are the reactants of a hydrocarbon combustion reaction?
hydrocarbons and oxygen.
What is the charge of a proton, and where is it located in an atom?
A proton has a positive charge, and it is located in the nucleus of an atom.
What information does each square on the periodic table provide about an element?
Each square on the periodic table provides information about an element's atomic number, chemical symbol, name, and atomic mass.
What is the value used to measure heat associated with phase changes?
ΔH (Enthalpy H)
A weather balloon contains 8.80 moles of helium at a pressure of 0.992 atm and a temperature of 25 °C at ground level. What is the volume of the balloon under these conditions?
217 L
How are endothermic and exothermic reactions similar? How are they different?
Both have to do with energy but one takes in energy and uses it while the other produces energy
How do electrons move around the nucleus in an atom?
Electrons move around the nucleus in specific "energy levels" or "shells" like planets orbiting around the sun.
What do groups (or columns) on the periodic table have in common?
Elements in the same group (or column) on the periodic table have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outermost energy level.
How are sublimation and deposition different?
Sublimation is the change from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state, and deposition is the change from gas to solid.
What is the temperature of an 11.2-L sample of carbon monoxide, CO, at 744 torr if it occupies 13.3 L at 55 °C and 744 torr?
276°K or 3°C
What does the subscript "2" in H2O tell you about the molecule
It means how many atoms of that element are for example h2= 2 hydrogen
What determines the identity of an atom?
The number of protons in the nucleus, called the "atomic number," determines the identity of an atom.
What determines an element's placement on the periodic table?
An element's placement on the periodic table is determined by its atomic number and its properties, such as its chemical behavior and physical characteristics.