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Energy & Thermodynamics
Organic Chemistry
Atomic Structure & Bonding
Chemical Equilibria
Electrochemistry
100
Define 'temperature'
A measure of the average speed of particles in a sample.
100
What are the principle elements in a hydrocarbon?
hydrogen and carbon (either order)
100
Bohr's contribution to the model of the atom (hydrogen) takes an older idea, and combines with another one, an energy idea. Who is responsible for this energy idea, and what is this unit of energy called?
Planck came up with the idea that energy must come in "quanta" or packettes.
100
For the given chemical reaction, write the equilibrium expression: 2A + 3B ----- C + 4D
keq= [C] x [D]4th / [A]2nd x [B] 3rd
100
What does the term REDOX stand for?
reduction and oxidation
200
What three parameters affect the quantity of total heat in a sample?
mass, temperature change & specific heat capacity (any order)
200
The following formula is a compound from what organic category? C5H12
Alkanes
200
When an electron falls within the atom, what does it release?
energy in the form of an electromagnetic wave....."light"
200
For a given exothermic reaction, warming up the system's environment would have what effect on the system's equilibrium?
The system would shift left.
200
What happened to carbon in going from carbon in methane, (CH4) to carbon in carbon dioxide (CO2)?
It was oxidized.
300
There is a struggle or strife between two thermodynamic forces or tendencies in nature which drive all chemical processes? Describe in very few words these two "forces" or tendencies.
the strive to maximize randomness or entropy and minimalize enthalpy.
300
The following is the formula for a ______________ or a _______________. C6H12
for an alkene or a cycloalkane
300
What is the name or nature of type of hybridization of carbon in the molecule C2H2?
sp2
300
If the tester Q is larger than a system's Keq, then which way has the equilibrium yet to shift?
Equilibrium will shift left. LEFT
300
What is the oxidation number of chromium in K2Cr2O7?
+6
400
Name 5 (five) factors which affect reaction rate.
temperature, concentration, surface area, nature of reactants and catalyst (order doesn't matter)
400
Name three categories of biological macromolecules which typically involve polymerization.
nucleic acids, proteins or polypeptides, complex carbohydrates. (order does not matter)
400
The photoelectric effect involves shining light or radiant energy on a metal surface. What is emitted or released?
Electrons are released....a beam of electrons.
400
How would the ka of strong acid compare the ka of a weak acid?
A strong acid would have a much larger ka.
400
We have long heard that metals and non metals typically make ionic bonds. What two elements, in chemically combining, would MOST likely be very exothermic and produce the "best" ionic bond?
lithium and fluorine
500
How much heat is required to raise 200g of water by 50C?
4.2 x 200 x 50 = 42,000J or 42kJ
500
Oxidizing a secondary alcohol produces a(n)
ketone
500
The geometric shape to the molecule PCl5 is
trigonal bi pyramidal
500
Adding an inert gas to the following system, closed, at equilibrium will cause the equilibrium to shift right. True or false? 3H2 + N2 ==== 2NH3
False. The addition of inert gases has no effect on equilibrium.
500
Electrochemical cells (or galvanic cells) are considered exergonic, whose voltages are positive, whereas electrolytic cells, in order to function as expected, are endergonic native voltages are negative. True or false.
True