Chemical Equilibrium
What is chemical equilibrium?
The point where forward and backward reactions happen at the same rate.
What is an acid?
A substance with a pH below 7.
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
What is speed up?
Increasing temperature usually makes reactions do this.
What is a covalent bond?
The bond formed by sharing electrons.
What is Le Châtelier’s Principle?
Adding more reactants causes equilibrium to shift to products.
What is slippery?
Bases feel like this.
What is activation energy?
Catalysts lower this to make reactions happen faster.
What is surface area?
Crushing a solid increases this and speeds reactions.
What is an ionic bond?
This type of bond forms between metals and nonmetals.
What is shifting toward the side with fewer gas molecules?
This happens to equilibrium if pressure increases in a gas reaction.
What is H⁺ (hydrogen ion)?
This ion is produced by acids in water.
What are catalysts?
Enzymes are biological versions of these.
What are collisions?
More concentrated reactants cause more of these.
What is the electron cloud?
Electrons are found in this area around the nucleus.
What is equal concentrations?
Equilibrium does not mean this about concentrations.
What is neutralization?
The process where an acid and base react to form water and salt.
What is the reaction rate?
A catalyst changes this about a reaction.
What is energy?
Collision theory says particles must collide with enough of this.
What is a covalent compound?
Water is an example of this type of compound.
What is ammonia?
The Haber process uses equilibrium to produce this important chemical.
What is phosphoric acid?
This acid is found in many soft drinks.
What are harmful exhaust gases?
Cars use catalytic converters to reduce this type of pollution.
What is lower?
Slower reactions happen when temperature is this.
What is attraction?
Opposite charges between ions cause this.