Properties and Changes of Matter
What is a mixture?
When two or more substances are physically combined together.
Name the 3 classes of elements
Metals
Non-Metals
Metalloids
When did atomic structure begin
400 BC
What is the electronic configuration of Calcium (Ca, atomic number 20)?
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 or [Ar] 4s^2
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume).
What's a solution?
a solution is made by dissolving solutes in a solvent
On the Periodic Table what's the first group called
Alkali Metals (not including H)
Who discovered the plum pudding model
JJ Thompson 1897
How many electrons can an orbital hold?
Only 2 (with opposite spins,+1/2 and -1/2)
What are physical properties?
Characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance, such as density, boiling point, color, and odor.
What's a Heterogeneous Mixture?
a combination of two or more substances that are not uniformly distributed throughout
What is Electronegativity?
How strongly an atom attracts electrons to itself when bonded to another element
What did John Dalton create?
The Solid Sphere Model
What is the electron configuration of the Fe2+ ion?
[Ar] 3d^6
Is ice melting a physical or chemical change?
A physical change, because the water molecules remain the same; only the state of matter changes.
Distillation
When moving left to right on a periodic table what happens
You increase electronegativity
What are the three subatomic particles
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is Octet Rule?
The rule states that elements attain stability when their valence shell is completely filled with 8 electrons.
What is deposition
The direct transition of a substance from a gas to a solid.
Name the states of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gasel, Vapor, and plasma
What is Ionization
The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
What defines the atomic number of an element
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the first element to have 4d electrons?
Yttrium
Why is burning magnesium a chemical change?
Because a new substance (white ash) is formed.