ORGANIC
Which chemical element is the fundamental building block of all organic compounds?
Carbon
Which metallic element, symbol Hg, is liquid at standard room temperature?
Mercury
What term describes the transition of a substance directly from a solid state to a gas state without becoming liquid first?
Sublimation
What common indicator paper turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions?
Litmus paper
What biomolecules act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in living organisms?
Enzymes
What is the simplest alkane hydrocarbon, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms?
Methane
What type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal?
Ionic bond
On the pH scale, what numerical value represents a completely neutral solution at room temperature?
7
What standard piece of laboratory glassware is a narrow, graduated glass tube with a stopcock used to precisely dispense liquids during titrations?
Burette
What sugar serves as the primary glucose storage form in animal liver and muscle tissues?
Glycogen
What is the common name for ethanoic acid, the compound that gives vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell?
Acetic acid
What group of elements on the far right of the periodic table is famously non-reactive due to having full valence electron shells?
Noble gases (Group 18)
What term refers to a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed itself?
Catalyst
What branch of analytical chemistry focuses on determining how much of a substance is present, rather than just what is present?
Quantitative analysis
What structural level of a protein describes the specific linear sequence of its amino acids?
Primary structure
What term describes molecules that share the exact same chemical formula but have different structural arrangements?
Isomers
What is the chemical name for ordinary table salt?
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another?
The First Law of Thermodynamics (Law of Conservation of Energy)
What type of chemical solution resists changes in pH when small amounts of an acid or base are added?
Buffer solution
What are the monomer building blocks that link together via peptide bonds to form proteins?
Amino acids
What sweet-smelling functional group is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?
Ester
What term describes d-block elements (like iron, copper, and gold) that frequently form colored compounds and variable oxidation states?
Transition metals
What is the minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction called?
Activation energy
What qualitative test uses a flame to identify metal ions based on the distinct color they emit?
Flame test
What nucleic acid carries genetic instructions in a double-helix structure?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)