Atoms
What makes up an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What are the two main types of bonds?
Ionic and covalent
What is this hydrocarbon? CH4
Methane
What is the charge of subatomic particles?
Electrons = negative charge
Protons = positive charge
Neutrons = no charge
What is Ms Clarke's favourite colour?
Purple or blue
What is an element? Name five elements
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
What is the difference between the two types of bonds?
Covalent = shared electrons
Ionic = transfer of electrons
What is the hydrocarbon C7H16?
Heptane
What is an ion?
Ions are charged particles when they have more or less electrons
Name 15 elements at the top of your head to get the full points, otherwise no points
Hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus
What is an electron configuration of an element? Use an example.
It is the number of electrons in each shell. E.g. Magnesium has 12 e-, the electron config = 2, 8, 2
What type of bond holds water together? (H2O)
Covalent
Draw the hydrocarbon for octene and its formula
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cartion has a positive charge because it losses an electron (negative charge)
Anion has a negative charge because it gains an electron (negative charge)
How tall is Ms Clarke without her heels? In cm.
150cm
Why are noble gases stable?
Because they have a fuller outer shell of electrons and do not need to gain or lose electrons to become stable
There are 3 different types of bonding in hydrocarbons, what are they? And what do they mean?
Single bond - share 1 pair of electrons
Double bond - share 2 pairs of electrons
Triple bond - share 3 pairs of electrons
What functional group needs to be added to a hydrocarbon to form an alcohol?
OH hydroxyl group needs to be added onto the end of the hydrocarbon
C2H5OH is ethanol
What is the ion for Calcium?
Ca2+
How many elements are there on the periodic table?
118
What is the valency of Fluorine?
It has a valency of 1 because it wants to GAIN 1 electron to be stable.
Fluorine has 7 valence electrons so it needs to gain 1 to be stable
Why is there no Alkene and Alkyne to make a hydrocarbon with 1 carbon?
Why is there Methane but no Methene or Methyne?
Because the carbon needs to share electrons with another carbon to form a double or triple bond. It cannot do it with only 1 carbon.
What functional group needs to be added onto a hydrocarbon to make it a carboxylic acid?
Needs to have a -OOH attached to the end of the chain
What is the charge for the following:
Fluorine
Phosphorus
Aluminium
Sodium
Fluorine = F-
Phosphorus = P3-
Aluminium = Al3+
Sodium = Na+
Balance the following chemical equation
Al + HCl --> AlCl3 + H2
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2