States of matter
Solids cannot be compressed. True or False
True
The random movement and mixing of particles.
Diffusion
The formula for density is
mass/volume
It is caused by particles colliding with the walls of the container.
gas pressure
Change from liquid to gas
evaporation
Explain why solids have a fixed shape and volume.
Their particles are close together and arranged in a regular pattern.
Diffusion happens very slowly - if at all - in
solids
Instrument used to measure volume of liquid
measuring cylinder or graduated cylinder
What happens when a plastic bottle is placed in a freezer?
It collapses
It causes changes in state of matter
Change in temperature
They have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.
Liquids
Explain why diffusion happens quickly in a gas.
Gas particles can travel a long distance before it hits another particle.
The density of a substance depends on two things: 1) ........ 2) ..........
1) mass of its particles; 2) how closely packed its particles are
How does temperature affects gas pressure?
The higher the temperature, the greater the gas pressure.
Changing solid to gas without passing the liquid state
sublimation
Nitrogen has a melting point of -210oC and a boiling point of -196oC. Indicate the state of nitrogen at -200oC.
Liquid
Explain why diffusion happens more quickly at higher temperatures.
Warmer particles have more energy so they move faster.
A measuring cylinder contains 30 mL of water. A toy dinosaur was dropped in it causing the level of water to rise to 38.5 mL. Find the volume of the toy.
8.5 cm3
Describe how altitude affects air pressure.
The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure.
Explain why changing the temperature of a substance causes a change in its state.
An increase in temperature causes particles to move faster and move farther apart disrupting their regular pattern.
Describe how the behaviour of the particles change when a substance changes from its solid state to its liquid state.
In a solid, particles are closely packed in a regular pattern and can only vibrate on the sport. In a liquid, the particles are not arranged in a regular pattern and can move around.
Three factors affecting the rate of diffusion (how fast substances spread out and mix with other substances)
1)temperature; 2) size and mass of particles; and 3) states of the substances that are diffusing
A cube of wood measures 2 cm on its side and has a mass of 80 g. Find the density of the wood.
10 g/cm3
Explain why air pressure does not squash us.
Because we also have air inside our body which exerts an equal and opposite force against air pressure.
What process is shown in each number?
solid --> liquid (1) liquid --> gas (2) solid --> liquid (3) gas --> liquid (4) liquid --> solid (5)
(1) melting; (2) evaporating; (3) subliming; (4) condensing; (5) melting