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Equations
Vocabulary
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
100
delta E = q+w Name this equation and the variables.
Energy equation Delta E = Change in energy q = Heat w = Work
100
What is Molarity and what units is it in?
Molarity is used to express concentration. The units are moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L)
100
Name the three ways types of fomulas/equations used to write a chemical equation.
Molecular equation Total Ionic equation Net Ionic equation
100
Name Boyle's law
PV=k or P=k/V where T and n remain constant.
100
Which direction does heat flow?
Heat flows from systems of higher energy to systems of lower energy.
200
q=mc(delta)T Name this equation and the variables and units.
This is the equation for heat capacity q=heat in Joules m=mass in g c=calorimetry constant in J/(g C) or J/(g K)(will be provided on test) delta T = temperature in K or C
200
Define Oxidation/Reduction and Oxidizing Agent/Reducing Agent.
Oxidation means the element is losing electrons Reduction means the element is gaining electrons Oxidizing agent is the compound that being reduced Reducing agent is the compound that being oxidized
200
How can you determine whether a precipitate has formed?
When there is an insoluable product formed.
200
What is STP?
It is standard temperature and pressure. Where P = 1 atm; T = 0ºC = 273.15 K; V = 22.4L
200
If the phrase, "work is done ON the system," is written on a problem, what does that mean?
It means the system is receiving work from the surroundings and therefore would be positive.
300
PV=nRT Name this equation, variables and units
This is the Ideal Gas Law P=pressure in atm V=volume in L n=number of moles R=rate constant (0.08206 L atm/(mol K) T=temperature in K
300
Distinguis between system and surroundings and give an example.
The system is what is being focused on, the surroundings is everything else. For example, The calorimeter would be a system while the table, desk - everything else -would be the surroundings
300
A+BC → AB+C is an example of what type of reaction?
This is a single displacement reaction
300
When looking at kinetic movement of particles. Which gasses will have the FASTEST molecular speeds at a given temperature?
Lighter gasses - meaning gasses with a smaller molar mass
300
What does q(system) = -q(surroundings) mean?
It means that the heat released or aborbed by the system is opposite of the surroundings. This follows the first law of theremodynamics.
400
Xi=ni/n What is the name of this equation and what do the variables mean?
This is the equation for mole fraction where Xi represents the mole fraction, ni represents the number of moles of a gas in the mixture, and n represents the total number of moles in the mixture.
400
What is a state function and give a couple of examples.
It's a property that is independent of the "route" taken to get to the "destination." Only cares about the present state of the system. Examples: P,V,T,n
400
Name three oxidation rules
Could be any of these: – Monoatomic ions → Ox# = charge of ion – Free elements → Ox# = 0 – F → Ox# = -1 – O → Ox# = -2 (except in combination with F and in peroxides) – H → Ox# = +1 (in combination with nonmetals) → Ox# = -1 (in combination with metals) – Halogens → Ox# = -1 (except in comb. with O or other halogen higher in the group) – The sum of Ox# of all elements in a species equals the charge of the species
400
What is Grahm's Law State and what does it mean?
the effusion rate (ER) of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (same relation is valid in general for the diffusion rate)
400
What is the first law of Thermodynamics?
The total energy of the universe is constant (energy can’t be created or destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another)
500
Name this equation and when it might be used. Pi = XiP
This is the Law of Partial Pressure. It is used to find the pressure a gaseous mixture would exert on a container. Pi =partial pressure Xi =mole fraction of a gas P =Pressure of the mixture
500
Distinguis between an endothermic and exothermic process.
Endothermic means the system is absorbing heat from the surroundings, exothermic means the system is releasing heat from the surroundings.
500
Solubility Rules - name one regarding soluble and one that is insoluble
See Table 4.1 in textbooks or look at chapter 4 Slides
500
Explain how Boyle's Law, Charle's Law and Avagodro's Law relate to the Ideal Gas Law
The Ideal Gas Law is PV=nRT. PV=k represents Boyle's Law, V=kT represents Charle's Law and V=kn represents Avagadro's Law.
500
Why are Heat and Work not state functions?
They depend on the path the system takes between two states