Atomic Structure
What is a proton?
Subatomic particle with a +1 charge
Equal to Atomic number
Why do elements bond?
To complete their outermost shell
to become more stable
What is the name of group 18?
Nobel Gasses
What elements are found in the making of stars?
H and He
How many neutrons does Yttrium have? (round to the nearest whole number)
50
Atomic mass - Atomic number= Number of neutrons
Mass - Protons = Neutrons
89 - 39= 50
All the elements in group 14 have the same of this, which allow them to make many bonds.
4 valence electrons
What is the group with the most reactive metals? and why?
Group 1 - Alkali Metals
- 1 valence electron easily lost
What are the two main elements of life
C and H
What type of ion do metals become?
Cations - positive ions- lose electrons
Describe electron behavior in the three types of bonding:
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic: Flow of delocalized electrons
Ionic: Transfer of electrons
Covalent: Sharing of electrons
Using Coulomb's Law, why is Francium quick to lose one electron?
Many shells, increasing distance. causing a weaker force of attraction.
What is the shape of Earth's, or most planet's, orbit?
elliptical, slightly oval
What happens to atomic radius as you go from left to right?
Atomic radius decreases
Increase in charge, Increases force, decreasing size.
Are the following bonded molecules possible?
MgCl CCl4
MgCl - not possible Net Zero Rule. Mg2+, Cl-. Two chlorine ions needed to neutralize Mg
CCl4 - is possible covalent bonds can share and distribute electrons easily
What is electrongativity?
an ability to steal electrons
Weak- lose electrons
strong- take electrons
What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and evaporation rate?
Strong IMF = slow evaporation
Weak IMF = fast evaporation
What is an isotope? Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?
Isotope- Same atomic number, different mass
- same # p+, different # n0
Isotopes of the same element have the same # of p+ and e-.
Write the chemical names for:
Na2O
H2O
1. sodium oxide
2. dihydrogen monoxide
What happens to atomic radius as you go down a group of the periodic table?
The atomic radius increases. Increasing number of electron shells.
(More layers)
What is a mole?
a common skin growth
a burrowing animal
a fundamental unit in chemistry representing 6.022 x 10²³particles