Reaction Rate
change in quantity/change in time
The difference between the activation forward and activation energy reverse is called...
Enthalpy
True or false: A catalyst will cause an equilibrium to shift to the side with greater moles of gas.
If true, explain using LCP why this occurs.
If the statement is false, correct the statement.
False, catalysts do not cause shifts in equilibria, only increase the rate at which equilibria are reached.
The general format for a K expression is...
K = [products]coefficient
[reactants]coefficient
An amphoteric species is....
A substance that can act as an acid or base (contains at least 1 hydrogen and has a negative charge)
Two ways we could measure the reaction rate for the reaction below are...
SO3(g) + H2O (l) → H2SO4 (aq)
Any two of: pH, gas volume, pressure
A PED with a negative enthalpy is called...
An exothermic reaction
True or false: Increasing the temperature of an endothermic reaction will cause the equilibrium to shift to the right.
If true, explain using LCP why this occurs.
If the statement is false, correct the statement.
True, endothermic means heat is a reactant.
Stress: Increase temperature
LCP: Decrease temperature by shifting away from heat
Shift: Right
The Keq expression for the following reaction is:
2 A (g) + 2 B(s) ⇄ 3 C(g) + 2 D(g)
Keq = [C]3[D]2
[A]2
The conjugate acid-base pairs for the reaction below are...
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
NH3 (base) NH4+ (conjugate acid)
H2O (acid) OH-(conjugate base)
Three ways we could speed up the reaction below is...
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
Cut up copper into smaller pieces
Increase temperature
Add catalyst
A reaction where heat/energy is a reactant is called ____________________________ and the products would be _______________(lower/higher) than the reactants on its PED.
An endothermic reaction
Higher
Hemoglobin (Hb) + O2 (g) ⇄ Hb - O2 (g)
If we increase oxygen in the reaction above, the reaction will shift to the ______________ because...
Stress: Increase O2
LCP: Decrease O2
Shift: Right
The larger the Ka value is, the _______________ the Kb value is because...
Smaller because Kw = Ka x Kb
HCl would be considered a Modified Arrhenius acid because...
It reacts with water to form hydronium ions
Catalysts increase reaction rate by lowering the...
Activation energy
The x-axis on a PED is labeled ________________ and the y- axis is labeled ______________________.
Reaction progress
Potential energy
CO (g) + 2 H2 (g) ⇄ CH3OH(g)
When H2 is added to the system at equilibrium, what happens to: [CH3OH], [H2], and [CO]
Stress: Increase H2
LCP: Decrease H2
Shift: Right
[CH3OH] increases, [H2] increases then decreases, and [CO] decreases
The only factor that affects K values is...
Temperature
NH3 cannot be considered an Arrhenius base because...
It does not contain OH-, so it cannot dissociate in water to produce OH- ions
Based on the reaction rates given for each step in the reaction mechanism below, which is the rate determining step AND the reaction intermediate?
Step 1:2NO(g)+H2 (g) → N2O (g) + H2O(g) (SLOW)
Step 2: N2O(g) + H2(g) → N2 (g) + H2O(g) (FAST)
RDS: step 1
RI: N2O
How would you identify the RDS on a PED?
Where would you find the RI on a PED?
Where would you find a *AC on a PED?
The step with the greatest activation energy.
The bottom (valley) of each elementary process.
The top (peak) of each elementary process.
N2O4 (g) + 59 kJ ⇄ 2 NO2 (g)
Colourless Brown
To make the solution turn colourless we would need to ______________ because...
Cool down the reaction.
Stress: Decrease temperature
LCP: Increase temperature
Shift: Left (colourless)
The Ka expression for the reaction between NaHSO4(aq) + NH4NO3(aq) is...
Hint: You'll first have to write the correct B-L equation
Ka = [H3O+] [SO42-]
[HSO4-]
A substance is defined as a B-L acid if ....
A substance is defined as a B-L base if ....
it donates H+ ions
it accepts H+ ions