Water
Which state of matter is a solution in water?
Aqueous
What is...
A: Oxidation
B: Reduction
C: Oxidizing Agent
D: Reduction Agent
A: increase in oxidation state, which is a loss of electrons
B: decrease in oxidation state, a gain in electrons
C: the reactant that is the electron acceptor
D: the reactant that is the electron donor
What is produced in a neutralization reaction?
water and salt
What are the products? (Which is the precipitate?)
A: Na2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) -->
B: KOH (aq) + Fe(NO3)3 (aq) -->
A: 2NaNO3 (aq) + PbSO4 (s)
B: 3KNO3 (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s)
A: how likely a substance is to dissolve in water
B: the substance that gets dissolved in the liquid
C: the substance that does the dissolving
A: soluability
B: solute
C: solvent
O-H is polar or nonpolar....meaning the electrons are shared equally or unequally?
Polar meaning the electrons are shared unequally
What is an oxidation-reduction reaction
reactions that have one or more electrons transferred; REDOX reactions
Define and acid and a base and where they are on the pH scale
Acid - produces H+ (a proton) in water; proton donor; pH less than 7
Base - produces OH- ions in water; proton acceptor; pH more than 7
What volume of 16 M sulfuric acid must be used to prepare 1.5 L of a 0.10 M sulfuric acid?
(Dilution)
9.4 mL
Explain...
A: Strong electrolytes...
B: Weak electrolytes...
C: Nonelectrolytes...
A: lots of ions present, so the salt breaks apart into ions completely
B: some but not all of the salts dissolve
C: a solid does not break up into ions in solution
the process of the oppositely charged particles being attrached to one another and the salt "falling apart"
hydration
What is an oxidation state?
provides a way to keep track of electrons in oxidaion-reduction reactions, especially in covalent molecules where electrons are not shared equally
imaginary chrages that atos would have considering electrons are not shared equally
10 strong bases
LiOH - Lithium Hydroxide
NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide
KOH - Potassium Hydroxide
RbOH - Rubidium Hydroxide
CsOH - Cesium Hydroxide
Be(OH)2 - Beryllium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)2 - Magnesium Hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 - Calcium Hydroxide
Sr(OH)2 - Stronium Hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 - Barium Hydroxide
Balance the reaction and decide which is the oxidation reaction and which is the reduction reaction in ACIDIC solution.
Al(s) + Ni^+2 --> Al^+3(aq) + Ni(s)
2Al + 3Ni^+2 --> 3Ni
Oxidation: Al --> Al^+3
Reduction: Ni^+2 --> Ni
What is a precipitate?
an insoluble substance that forms when two solutions are mixed
What are some unique properties of water?
1. Polar
2. Execellent solvent
3. High heat capacity
4. Universal solvent
ETC
In this equation...
2Al (s) + 3I2 (s) --> 2AlI3 (s)
What is...
A: being oxidized
B: being reduced
C: the oxidizing agent
D: the reducing agent
A: Aluminum
B: Iodine
C: Iodine
D: Aluminum
6 Strong Acids...
HCl - hypochloric acid
HBr - hydrobromic acid
HI - hydroidonic acid
HNO3 - Nitric Acid
H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid
HClO4 - Perchloric Acid
Write the Complete Ionic Equations and the Net Ionic Equations...
Na2SO4 (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) --> 2NaNO3 (aq) + PbSO4 (s)
Complete Ionic: Na^+(aq) + SO4^-2(aq) + Pb^+2(aq) + NO3^- --> 2Na^+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq) + PbSO4(s)
Net Ionic: Pb^+2(aq) = SO4^-2(aq) --> PbSO4(s)
Define...
A: Dilution
B: Molarity
C: Electrolyte
A: process of adding solvent to lower the concentration of solute in a solution
B: the number of moles of solute per kiolgram of solvent in a solution
C: a material that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts electric current
Chapter 4 Review!
Whoop!
Kill Me...😒
Hate this class
Find the oxidation numbers...
A: S
B: SO3^-2
C: H2O
D: PtCl4^-2
E: P4
F: OF2
A: 0
B: S+4 - O-2
C: H+1 - O-2
D: Pt+2 - Cl-1
E: 0
F: O+2 - F-1
What volume of a 0.100M HCl solution is needed to neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.350 M NaOH?
(Acid-Base Reaction)
8.75 x 10^-2 L HCl
Calculate the mass of a solid sodium chloride that mist be added to 1.50L of a 0.100M silver nitrate solution to precipitate all the silver ions in the formation of silver chloride
(Limiting Reactant)
8.77gNaCl
A: delivery through a buret of a measured volume of a solution of a known concentration into a solution being analyzed
B: a technique for determining the amount of a certian substance
C: indicator showing amount of reactant necessary for a complete reaction has been added
D: the point in the titration where enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the analyte
A: titration
B: volumetric analysis
C: endpoint
D: equivalence point