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organic
organic
organic
organic
organic
100
R-OH 2 lone pairs on O 4:1 rule Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, pentyl
Alcohols
100
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
Butyl Alcohol
100
CH3-CH2-OH
Ethyl Alcohol
100
R-O-R' nonpolar neutral 4:1 rule form hydrogen bonds with water
Ethers
100
1st used general anesthetic (1842)
Diethyl Ethers
200
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
Pentyl Alcohol
200
CH3-OH
Methyl Alcohol
200
aromatic hydrocarbons weak acid water soluble
Phenols
200
aromatic ring 6 carbons Resonance structures
aromatic hydrocarbons
200
at least one carbon-carbon bond is a triple bond
alkynes
300
O || R-C-R' Acetone forms hemiketals and ketals
Ketones
300
CH3-CH-CH3 | OH
Isopropyl Alcohol
300
R-SH weak acid
Thiols
300
carbonyl group on last carbon atom in chain O || R-C-H 4:1 rule applies oxidizes to carboxylic acid reaction with glucose to form a hemiacetal
aldehyde
300
Single bonds tetrahedral geometry not flat
Alkanes
400
double bond trigonal planar flat
Alkenes
400
-CH2-CH3
Ethyl Group
400
-CH3
Methyl Group
400
CH4
Methane
400
CH3-CH3
Ethane
500
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Butane
500
CH3-CH2-CH3
Propane
500
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane
500
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hexane
500
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatic Hydrocarbon Non polar Readily Burn
Hydrocarbons