Classifying Matter
What are (pure) substances? Do they have a chemical formula?
A substance that has a fixed composition and fixed properties. Yes.
What are compounds? What are some examples of this?
Two or more different types of atoms. Have different properties from constituent elements. Examples: Na (sodium) which explodes in water, and CL2 (chlorine) which is poisonous gas, making up salt together.
What is an element?
Contain only one type of atom.
What the the states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas.
What is matter?
Anything having mass and volume
What are mixtures? Are these substances chemically bonded? Do they retain their individual properties?
Two or more substances mixed together that have varying composition and varying properties. The substances are NOT chemically bonded, and they retain their individual properties.
Atoms can only be altered by... An example of this would be...
Nuclear means. Ionization of water.
What is a monatomic element, and what are some examples of it?
Consists of unbonded, "like" atoms. It can be by itself, and some examples of it are Fe, AL, Cu, He.
What is composition? What an example of this?
What the matter is made up of. Copper = many Cu atoms, and water = many groups of H2O.
What is mass?
Amount of matter in an object
What is a homogeneous mixture (or solution)? What is an example of this?
Homogeneous = evenly mixed. Solution = solute + solvent. Salt water, kool-aid, and sugar water.
Molecules can be altered by... An example of this would be...
chemical means, electrolysis of water
What is a diatomic molecule? What are some examples of it?
It consists of several "like" atoms bonded together. Has to be specifically 2. Examples: H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, CI2.
What are properties?
Describe the matter. (look, smell, mass, temp, etc. How it behaves.
What is weight? What's the equation for it?
Pull of gravity on an object
Equation: mass x gravity
What is a heterogeneous mixture? What is an example of this?
An unevenly mixed mixture. tossed salad, and salt water (when the salt doesn't dissolve).
What is compound composition? What an example of this?
All samples of a given compound have the same composition. Example: H20 turns to H11% O 89%
What are Polyatomic molecules? What is an example of it?
What's an atom, and how many types of it are there in the world?
A basic building block of matter, and there's exactly 118 different types of atoms.
What is volume?
The space an object occupies
What is an alloy, and what is a suspension? What are some examples of these?
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of metals. (example: bronze (Cu +Sn), brass (Cu + Zn), and steel). A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture (particles settle over time). (examples: paint, snowy-bulb gifts, and milk).
What is the chemical equation for ionization of water?
2H2O (i) turns to H3O + (aq) + OH - (aq)
What are allotropes? What are some examples of it?
Same element, different properties. Examples: Oxygen gas (O2), Ozone (O3). Diamond and graphite had different amounts of graphite for carbon.
What are the four main things to remember?
Matter, Mass, Weight, and Volume.
What are the units, and what are they used for?
L, dm^3, mL, cm^3. L and mL = for volume of liquid and gas. dm^3 and cm^3 = for gas. 1L= 1dm^3, and 1mL = 1cm^3.