Historical figures 1 and 2, light equations 3-5
Isaac Newton (~1665)
fundamental studies into the nature of light, proposed particulate nature
Write 90,342.0cm in scientific notation
9.03420X104cm
Are enthalpy changes dependent or independent on/of path?
Independent
Delta H
Enthalpy change is the heat change under constant pressure
What is the nature of light
It can act as a particle or as a wave
Huygens/Hooke
wave nature of light
What is the chemical formula for acetic acid
HC2H3O2
State functions
Determined by the state of the system not the path
How do you convert from Celsius to Kelvin
add 273.15
Speed of light (c)
c = 2.998 x 108 m/s,
what is the Frequency of a photon if we have already determined that the wavelength is 3.0x10-12m
Frequency = speed of light/wavelength
frequency = 3.00x10^8 m/s/3.0x10-12m = 1.0x1020Hz
Are anions positively or negatively charged?
They are negatively charged
Give an example of what standard conditions could mean for a substance.
anything pure and under 1 bar at 298K is when reactants or products are in a standard state. Example, pure water liquid at 298 under 1 bar. Solid, liquid, or gas
Hess's law
reactions can be added and the enthalpy changes are added in the same way
define wavelength
The distance between crests (or any two identical points)
what is the energy of 2.0x1012photons of gamma radiation if we have already determined that the wavelength is 3.0x10-12m
E of 1 proton= 6.626×10-34 m2kg/s (3.00X108m/s)/3.0x10-12m
E= 6.626X10-14J per photon
E of the photons = (6.626X10-14J per photon)(2.0x1012photons)
E of the photons = 0.1326J
Convert 56.3 decigram to kg
when is enthalpy of formation zero?
the heat of formation for elements in their reference states when they are in their reference states
Reference state
The most stable state at one bar of pressure and at 298K
Define frequency
number of waves in a certain amount of time
What is the energy of a photon from a yellow light that is known to have a frequency of 589nm?
first find the frequency
frequency = speed of light/wavelength
frequency = 3.00x108/5.89X10-7
frequency = 5.09X1014Hz
E = h (frequency)
E = 6.626X10-34m2kg/s(5.09X1014Hz)
E = 3.37X10-19J
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reference state
This is the most stable standard state at 298K so C graphite, gaseous O2, etc.
What is the equation for calculating enthalpy changes
∆H°rxn = Σ[∆H°f (products)] – Σ[∆H°f (reactants]
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