General
What is produced when an acid and base neutralize each other
A salt and water.
What are we looking for when determining whether or not a reaction includes a lewis acid and lewis base?
We look for an electron exchange within a synthesis reaction.
How are Bronsted-Lowry Acid-Base reactions different from Arrhenius Acid-Base reactions?
Bronsted-Lowry Acids act as proton donors, however Arrhenius Acids act as proton acceptors.
How protons interact when added to water.
What is the format for naming binary acids and bases?
Binary Acids: Start with hydro-, add the first syllable of the anion's name, and then add the ending -ic
Example: HF = Hydrofluoric acid
Binary Bases: Name the cation and add the word hydroxide
Example: KOH = Potassium hydroxide
What do bases dissociate into when they are added to water?
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
How are Lewis acids and Lewis bases defined?
Lewis base: Provides a lone pair of electrons to another reactant
What will Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases form after they react?
A conjugate acid and conjugate base.
How are acids and bases defined by Arrhenius?
Acids are proton acceptors and Bases are proton donors.
How do we name oxoacids?
If the anion ends with -ate: start with the first syllable and add -ic
If the anion ends with -ite, start with the first syllable and end with -ous.
Example: NO3 (nitrate) = NitrIC Acid
Example: NO2 (nitrite) = NitrOUS Acid
What are the characteristics of acids and bases?
Acids: Sour, corrosive, decreases the pH of a solution, release hydrogen ions when added to water, pH range of 0-6
Bases: Bitter, slippery, increases the pH of a solution, release hydroxide ions when added to water, pH range of 8-14
Find the Lewis Acid and Lewis Base in the reaction below:
2NH3 + Ag+ -> Ag(NH3)2+
NH3 - Lewis Base
Ag+ - Lewis Acid
Find the Bronsted-Lowry Acid, Base, Conjugate Acid, and Conjugate Base.
NH4+ + CN- -> NH3 + HCN
NH4 - Acid
NH3 - Conjugate Base
CN- - Base
HCN - Conjugate Acid
Is H2SO4 an Arrhenius Acid or Base in the reaction below?
H2SO4 + H2O -> HSO4- + H3O+
It is an Arrhenius Acid
Name the following:
- HCl
- H2SO4
- NaOH
Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sodium hydroxide
How did Lewis and Arrhenius die?
Lewis - cardiovascular disease but it is rumored to be an experiment gone wrong
Arrhenius - Acute gastroenteritis