Orbitals and Electrons
Orbitals with low energies predict than an electron's average distance from the nucleus is
small
states that electrons must fill the lowest available energy sublevel before any can be placed in higher energy sublevels
Aufbau principle
An atom's lowest energy state is its
ground state
Write the electron configuration for chlorine
1s22s22p63s23p5
What is the electron configuration for fluorine?
1s22s22p5
the s, p, d, and f sublevels are identified by ___________ quantum numbers
principal
helps explain line spectra
Bohr model of the atom
Energy shells are also called
energy levels
write the electron dot notation for nitrogen
capital N in the middle
two dots on left
one dot on all other sides
What is the orbital notation of 1531P
P:[Ne] up arrow down arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow
The total number of electrons allowed in a principal level is equal to.....
2n2
states that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
The highest number of energy levels that an atom can have at ground state is
seven
what happens when an atom gains an electron?
it becomes negatively charged; it becomes an anion.
SO4 2- is an
ion
The d sublevel may contain up to _______ electrons
10
Describes how electrons fill orbitals
Hund's rule
The three dimensional regions where an electron is most likely to be found are called
orbitals
when a neutral atom loses an electron, will it have a positive or negative charge?
positive
orbitals with higher energies predict that an electron's average distance from the nucleus is ______ than those with lower energies.
greater
If an atom gains an electron, the atom will have a ________ charge.
negative
states that two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
Pauli exclusion principle
A negatively charged ion is call a(n)
anion
What did Bohr's model help to explain? Why did scientists feel the need to replace it with a new model?
gave insight to the emission spectrum of the hydrogen atom
excited atoms move to a higher energy level
the problem was it only describe the emission spectra of atoms with one electron.
According to the Bohr model, the frequency of the ____ lines in the hydrogen atom can be predicted by the presence of colored lines in an emission spectrum/
spectral