Thyroid Hormones
The most abundant thyroid hormone
Thyroxine (T4)
This is the most common thyroid disorder, characterized by a slowing down of metabolic processes
Hypothyroidism
This autoimmune disease is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis and the patient often presents with bulging eyes
Graves' Disease
This hormone is considered the most useful test for assessing thyroid fucntion and is released by the anterior pituitary
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
The term that describes when the thyroid gland grows larger than normal
Goiter
The biologically active thyroid hormone
Triiodothyronine (T3)
This term refers to severe hypothyroidism which can result in a "puffy face", enlarged tounge, and progressive mental dysfunction
Myxedema, or "Myxedema Madness"
This category of conditions involves inflammation of the thyroid gland caused by infection, damage, or autoimmunity
Thyroiditis
This hormone test is usually ordered if TSH is abnormal, this test show shows the level of hormone actually available for uptake and use by the body
Free T4
This hormone is the active form of T3 and contributes to T3 circulating pool
Reverse T3 (rT3)
Thyroid hormone is primarily made up of this element, which requires a daily intake of 150 micrograms for normal function
Iodine
This chronic autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common cause of primary hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's Disease
True or False: Women are 5x more likely to develop graves disease then men
True
If a patient's lab results show low Free T4 with a high TSH, they are generally diagnosed with this
Hypothyroidism
This term is used to describe a normal functioning thyroid gland
Euthyroid
This hormone, secreted by the parafollicular or "C" cells, assists in calcium homeostasis by lowering plasma calcium
Calcitonin
This condition refers specifically to the high levels of free thyroid hormones in circulation, creating a hyper-metabolic effect
Thyrotoxicosis
Often seen in critically ill patients, this conditon is characterized by thyroid hormone excess or deficiency in the absence of definable thyroid disease
Nonthyroidal Illness or Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
This protein is made by follicular cells and is primarily used as a tumor marker for thyroid cancer
Thyroglobulin
Regulation of the thyroid occurs via this specific type of systme between the thyroid, hypothalamous, and pituitary
Negative feedback system
Once released into circulation, nearly all thyroid hormones are bound to these, with TGB bring the most prominant
binding proteins
This cengenital form of hypothyroidism results from defects in development or function of the thyroid and it requires all newborns to be screened.
Cretinism
This disorder, lab wise, is characterized by decreased levels of T3 and higher levels of reverse T3, low free T4, and low TSH
Nonthyroidal Illness or Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
This testing method is the first step and the most accurate tool in evaluating thyroid nodules when hypothyroidism is not present
Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA)
This endocrine organ produces Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH) to initiate the production of TSH
Hypothalamus