Types of Attraction
Electrostatic attractions between molecules are called:
intermolecular forces
crystalline
The process in which a solid becomes a liquid
melting
The transition from liquid to gas
vaporization
distillation
The force that binds the negative end of a polar molecule to the positive end of another.
dipole-dipole forces
Covalent solids can be either crystalline or ________________ solids.
amorphous
The process of transitioning from a liquid to a solid
freezing
The two types of vaporization
evaporation and boiling
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the applied pressure
boiling point
A particular type of dipole-dipole force in which hydrogen bonds either with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
hydrogen bonds
Basic building blocks for crystals, the smallest unit
unit cell
True or False: Freezing temperatures are always cold
False
rapid vaporization at high temperatures
boiling
The specific pressure and temperature at which a substance can be either a solid, gas, or liquid
triple point
The result of random, unequal distributions of electrons in a molecule. It can occur between any types of molecule.
London dispersion forces
Pure elements that are polymorphous are called _______________.
allotropes
The transition straight from solid to gas, not passing through the liquid state
sublimation
slower vaporization at the surface
evaporation
The attraction between the particles of a liquid
cohesion
The energy released when gaseous particles start to form crystals.
lattice energy
The opposite of sublimation (gas to solid without becoming a liquid).
deposition
The opposite of vaporization
condensation
The attraction between the particles of a liquid and a solid
adhesion