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The closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the quantity measured.
accuracy
All of the digits known with certainty in a measurement plus one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated.
significant figures
The closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in the same way.
precision
What is calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, diving the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100.
percentage error
Two quantities are__________ _______ to each other if dividing one by the other gives a constant value.
directly proportional
Two quantities are ___________ _________ to each other if their product is constant.
inversely proportional
When darts are all clustered in the bulls eye region of a target what can we say about the accuracy and the precision?
They have high precision and high accuracy.
When darts are all clustered together out side of the bull's-eye area what can we say about the accuracy and precision?
They have high precison and low accuracy.
When darts are are found in a large area far from the bull's-eye, what can we say about the accuracy and the precision?
What can we say about darts that are within a large area centered around bull's-eye.
They have low precision and high accuracy.
Measured values that are __________ are close to the accepted value.
accurate
Measured values that are _______ are close to one another but not necessarily close to the accepted value.
precise
The accuracy of an individual value or of an average experimental value can be compared quantitatively with the correct or accepted value by calculating the _____________.
Percentage error.
Percentage error has a __________ _____ if the accepted value is greater than the experimental value.
negative value
What always exists in any measurement?
some error or uncertainty
If you are estimating a value to the final questionable digit you might include a ______ or _____ value to express the range.
plus or minus
The term significant does not mean__________
certain
In order to determine significant figures we must use __________
rules
If we need to round a number what do we do if the digit following the last digit to be retained is 5?
round-up, the last digit should be increased by 1
What do we do if we need to round and the digit following the last digit is less than 5
stay the same
Why do we have to round off numbers?
To make its degree of certainty match that in the original measurements.
Why do we need to use scientific notation?
To express very small and very large numbers.
When numbers are written in scientific notation only the __________ __________ are shown.
Significant figures
What does a graph of variables that are inversely proportional produce?
a curve or hyperbola.
How does quantitative data differ from qualitative data.
Quantitative information is numerical.
Qualitative information is non-numerical.