Properties of Matter
What is the definition of matter?
Matter is any material thing which takes up space
What is the relationship that volume and pressure have?
Inverse relationship
What is the process of a gas turning into a solid?
Deposition
What is the periodic symbol for gold?
Au
Which model is also known as "The Plum Pudding Model"?
JJ Thompson's Atomic Model
Which phase of matter has the most compact particles, and which has the least?
Solid; Gas
Define Partial Pressure
Pressure which is exerted by a certain gas within a mixture of gases
What are the names of all the phase changes?
Melting, Freezing, Evaporation, Condensation, Deposition, and Sublimation
What are rows on the periodic table called? What are the columns called?
(In order): Periods, groups
How are electrons, protons, and neutrons charged?
(In order) Negative, positive, neither
How was density calculated, as seen in the soap demonstration?
Mass per volume
What formula is used with Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure?
Ptotal=Pgas1+Pgas2+Pgas3
Which varibles influence the density of a substance? (Hint: Equation for density)
Volume and mass
How does ionization energy relate to the way the periodic table is structured?
Left - Right: Increases
Top - Bottom: Decreases
Why do atomic radius and ionization energy have an inverse relationship?
This is because if an atom has a smaller atomic radius, it will have a greater attraction force
Define what extensive and intensive properties are
Extensive: Qualities which are dependent on the amount of the substance being studied (Weight, volume); Intensive: Qualities which are not dependent on the amount of the substance being studies (Luster, color)
What information is needed to utilize the equation for Charles Law?
Volume and Temperature
Explain what happens when a solid is at the melting point
The particles spread apart until the solid has gained enough energy to become a liquid
Is Co the same as CO? Explain
No; since CO has both capital, this stands for Oxygen and Carbon. Co, however, is copper
Why do elements follow the octet rule?
When they follow it, both elements involved get a full valence shell
Why can extenstive properties be less useful to identify substances in some situations?
Since they are dependent on the amount of a substance, unless you know the exact weight per volume, you might not be able to find the identity of it
What properties are necessary for the fastest diffusion of a partial pressure system?
1) Bigger difference in the magnitude of the pressure gradient 2) Thinner membrane/barrier 3) The correct temperature
Explain the process of a liquid becoming a solid
Energy needs to be removed from the solid/heat needs to be removed. The particles will become more compact this way
Sr has the atomic number 38, Mg is 12, and Cl has 17. Which has the highest, lowest, and middle ionization energy?
(highest to lowest) Cl, Mg, Sr
Why do elements have decreasing atomic radius as they increase in atomic number? (across a period)
Atoms in the same period will have the same amount if energy shells, but different valence electrons