Solutions
The term used to describe the amount of solute in a given amount of solution.
What is concentration?
A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is said to be this.
What is endothermic?
An area of space that can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins.
What is an atomic orbital?
The type of bond formed when two atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
At high altitude, water boils at a lower temperature because of this.
What is decreased atmospheric pressure?
The expression mol solute/L solution defines this unit of concentration.
What is molarity?
The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
What is specific heat capacity?
The ground-state electron configuration of manganese (Mn).
What is [Ar]4s²3d⁵?
In a Lewis structure, these are represented by dots around an element's symbol.
What are valence electrons?
According to kinetic molecular theory, gas pressure increases with temperature because gas molecules do this.
What is collide more energetically with the walls of the container?
The process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solutes.
What is dilution?
The standard enthalpy change when one mole of a compound is formed from its elements in their standard states.
What is the standard enthalpy of formation (ΔHₒf)?
Elements whose ground state electron configurations differ from what is predicted by the aufbau principle include this metal used in electrical wiring.
What is copper (Cu)?
This theory uses electron-domain geometry to predict molecular shapes based on the repulsion of electron pairs.
What is VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion)?
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature if the volume remains constant.
What is Gay-Lussac's Law?
What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 9.3 g of NaCl in water to make 350 mL of solution?
What is 0.45 M?
This law states that the enthalpy change for a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.
What is Hess's Law?
When an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level, this occurs.
What is emission of energy (or a photon)?
When multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn for a molecule, they are called this.
What are resonance structures?
Under which conditions do real gases deviate most from ideal gas behavior?
What is high pressure and low temperature?
In a 0.300 M solution of potassium phosphate (K₃PO₄), the concentration of potassium ions is this.
What is 0.900 M?
If a system releases 12.4 J of heat and does 4.2 J of work on the surroundings, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is this.
What is -16.6 J?
The maximum number of electrons that can exist in a shell with principal quantum number n.
What is 2n²?
The hybridization of carbon in ethylene (C₂H₄) where carbon makes one double bond and two single bonds.
What is sp²?
What volume of gas at 25.0°C and 763 torr would be produced from 65.06 g of sodium azide (NaN₃) according to: 2NaN₃ → 2Na + 3N₂?
What is 40.0 L?