Chemical Composition
How do you find the molar mass of a molecule?
Add the individual masses of each element together (from the periodic table)
How do you find the molar ratio between two elements/molecules?
Compare their coefficients in a balanced equation/use an empirical formula.
What is electromagnetic radiation?
Energy being transmitted from one place to another by light.
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?
In ionic bonding, one atom gives an electron to the other, in covalent bonding, atoms share electrons.
What happens to pressure when volume increases?
Pressure increases
What is the mass of CH4?
16.042 grams
What is the molar ratio of oxygen to water in this reaction: 2H2O → 2H2 + O2?
1:2
What do the numbers and letters tell about orbitals?
The number tells the principal energy level, the letter tells the shape
What are lone pairs?
Electrons not involved in bonding
What is the partial pressure of a gas (Dalton’s law of partial pressures)?
The pressure that the gas would exert if it were alone in a container.
What is the empirical formula of a reaction between 4.151 grams of aluminum and 3.692 grams of oxygen?
Al2O3
How many grams of I2 do we need to use 35 g of aluminum in this reaction: 2Al + 3I2 → 2AlI3?
495 grams
How does atomic size and ionization energy change across the periodic table?
Atomic size decreases to the right and up; ionization energy increases to the right and up.
What is electronegativity?
The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons to itself.
If 2.71 g of argon gas occupies a volume of 4.21 L, what volume will 1.29 mol argon occupy under the same conditions?
80 L
Find the mass percent of each element in C10H14O
79.96%, 9.392%, 10.65%
What is the limiting reactant in a reaction between 25 kg of N and 5 kg of H (creating ammonia)?
Hydrogen
What is the full electron configuration of sulfur?
1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^4
What is resonance?
When more than one lewis structure can be drawn for the molecule.
In an automobile engine the gaseous fuel-air mixture enters the cylinder and is compressed by a moving piston before it is ignited. In a certain engine the initial cylinder volume is 0.725 L. After the piston moves up, the volume is 0.075 L. The fuel-air mixture initially has a pressure of 1 atm. Calculate the pressure of the compressed fuel-air mixture, assuming that both the temperature and amount of gas remain constant.
9.7 atm
How many silicon atoms are in 5.68 mg of silicon?
1.22 x 10^20
What is the theoretical yield and the percent yield of 68.5 kg CO reacted with 8.6 kg of H2, with an actual yield of 3.57 x 10^4
6.86 x 10^4 grams, 52 %
Describe the connection between the valence electrons, the noble gasses, and the octet rule.
The octet rule states that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons, and thus the electron configuration of a noble gas.
What is the molecular structure of a molecule and what is a VSPER model useful for?
The molecular structure of a model is the three dimensional arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.
The VSEPR model is useful for predicting the molecular structures of molecules formed from nonmetals, it states that the structure around a given atom is determined by minimizing repulsion between electron pairs.
What are the implications of the kinetic molecular theory?
Temperature is a measure of the motion of gas; pressure increases as temperature increases, volume increases as temperature increases