States of Matter
What is the shape of solids?
Solids have a definite shape
State Boyle's Law.
At constant temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume.
What is melting?
The process of a solid turning into a liquid.
Differentiate between intermolecular forces and chemical bonds.
Intermolecular forces are attractions between molecules, while chemical bonds are connections between atoms within a molecule.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of particles.
Describe the shape of liquids.
What does Charles's Law describe?
At constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin.
What is condensation?
The process by which a gas turns into a liquid.
How do intermolecular forces affect states of matter?
Strong intermolecular forces result in solids, moderate forces result in liquids, and weak forces result in gases.
Explain particle velocity in different states.
Gases have high velocity, liquids have moderate velocity, and solids have low velocity.
What happens to particle movement in gases?
Particles move freely and randomly
Explain Dalton’s Law.
The total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas.
Describe sublimation.
The transition of a solid directly to a gas without becoming a liquid.
Give an example of a substance with strong intermolecular forces.
Water (H2O) has strong hydrogen bonds.
What happens to particles in a closed container at equilibrium?
The rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
Name a characteristic of crystalline solids.
Crystalline solids have a uniform, well-defined geometric shape.
How does the Ideal Gas Law apply?
It relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a gas using the equation (PV = nRT).
Explain evaporation.
The process of particles escaping from the surface of a liquid to become gas.
What is the significance of intermolecular forces in liquids?
They determine the liquid's viscosity and surface tension.
How is kinetic energy involved in phase changes?
Energy is absorbed or released during phase changes, affecting particle motion.
What distinguishes amorphous solids?
Amorphous solids lack a definite structure and do not have a regular arrangement of particles.
What is Gay-Lussac’s Law?
The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when volume is held constant.
What is boiling?
The rapid vaporization of a liquid when it reaches its boiling point.
How do real gases differ from ideal gases?
Real gases do not always follow the gas laws due to intermolecular forces and volume of particles, while ideal gases do.
Describe the properties of ideal gases.
Ideal gases have no volume and no intermolecular forces; they perfectly follow gas laws.