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Mole
Energy
Gases
Acids and Bases
Le Chatelier
100
Pb + HCl -> PbCl2 + H2 What volume of HCl is needed to produce 2.5 L of PbCl2 ?
Answer: 5.0 L HCl
100
1. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant random motion. 2. Particles are attracted or repelled by one another. 3. A hotter sample has molecules that move faster than colder sample. These are all included in what theory?
Kinetic Molecular Theory
100
What are the four variables for gas laws and what unit do we use with them when R is present in the equation?
Amount of gas - N (mol moles) Volume of gas - V (L liters) Temperature - T (K kelvin) Pressure of gas - P (atm atmospheres)
100
What are the properties of acids and bases?
acids: sour taste, sting open wounds, react vigorously with metals, and are good conductors of electricity. bases: bitter taste, feels slippery, do not react with most metals, and are good conductors of electricity.
100
2A + B <---> 3C + D If we remove some of the D, which direction will this reaction shift to reestablish the equilibrium?
It will shift to the right in order to replace the D that was removed.
200
Find the percent composition of (NH4)2CO3.
N: (28.0)/(96) x 100 = 29.2% N H: (8.0)/(96) x 100= 8.3% H C: (12.0)/(96) x 100= 12.5% C O: (48.0)/(96) x 100= 50.0% O
200
What is viscosity? What does it depend on?
Viscosity is the resistance to motion that exists between molecules when the move past each other. Viscosity depends on inter-molecular forces and temperature.
200
Explain the relationship between pressure and volume in Boyle's law.
Volume and pressure are indirectly proportional when temperature and amount are held constant as one increases the other decreases.
200
Name three strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid - HCl Hydrobromic acid - HBr Hydroiodic acid - HI Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 Nitric acid - HNO3 Chloric acid - HClO3 Perchloric acid - HClO4
200
What are the three ways to disrupt equilibrium?
1) change in concentration of a reactant or product 2) change in pressure 3) change in temperature
300
Aluminum chloride decompose. What mass of aluminum chloride would be needed to decompose and make 6.54 X 10^ 23 molecules of chlorine?
Answer: 96.7 g AlCl3
300
Describe surface tension. What factors affect surface tension?
Surface tension is the "skin" that forms at the top of a liquid because of the attraction of molecules. Inter-molecular forces affect surface tension. High inter-molecular forces mean high surface tension.
300
A manometer contains a sample of nitrogen gas at a pressure of 78.3 kPa. The level of mercury in the U- tube is 11.4 mm lower on the end open to the atmosphere. What is the atmospheric pressure in kPa? What is the pressure in torr?
Answer: 79.8 kPa & 599 torr 11.4 mmHg x 101.325 kPa = 1.519875 k Pa 760 mm Hg 78.3 kPa + 1.519875 = 79.8 kPa 79.8 kPa x 760 torr = 599 torr 101.325 kPa
300
Are the following acidic, basic, or neutral? a) pH=4 b) pOH=9 c) pH=10 d) pOH=7
a) acidic b) acidic c) basic d) neutral
300
The only stress that changes the value of Keq is ____?
Temperature
400
What is the molecular formula of P205 that has a molar mass of 426 g/mol?
Answer: P6O15 62.0+ 80.0 = 142.0 426/142.0 = 3 P6O15
400
What is a tripple point?
Where all three phases coexist on a phase diagram.
400
A gas at a pressure of 456 mm Hg is held in a container with a volume of 0.344 L. The volume of the gas container is then increased to 670 mL without a change in temperature. What is the new pressure of the gas?
Answer: 230 mm Hg Givens: P1= 456 mm Hg V1= 0.344 L V2= 0.670 L P2= ? mm Hg P1V1 = P2V2 456(0.344) = 0.670(P2) P2= 230 mmHg
400
Name three strong bases.
Lithium hydroxide - LiOH Sodium hydroxide - NaOH Potassium hydroxide - KOH Rubidium hydroxide - RbOH Cesium hydroxide - CsOH Francium hydroxide - FrOH Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 Strontium hydroxide - Sr(OH)2 Barium hydroxide - Ba(OH)2 Radium hydroxide - Ra(OH)2
400
2A + B <---> 3C + D If the reaction experiences a decrease in pressure, which direction will the reaction proceed to reestablish equilibrium?
It will shift to the right in order to increase the moles of gas and therefore increase the pressure.
500
How many grams of chlorine are present in 8.00 grams of CaCl2?
Answer: 5.11 g Cl Cl: (71.0)/(111.1) X 100 = 63.9% Cl 0.639 x 8.00 = 5.11 gCl
500
Write the name of each of the following phase changes and describe the change as endothermic or exothermic: a) gas - liquid b) liquid - gas c) liquid - solid d) solid - liquid e) gas - solid f) solid - gas
a) gas - liquid condensation exothermic b) liquid - gas evaporation endothermic c) liquid - solid freezing exothermic d) solid - liquid melting endothermic e) gas - solid deposition exothermic f) solid - gas sublimation endothermic
500
If a gas is at 45.6 *C , what is that temperature in Kelvin?
K= *C + 273 = 45.6 + 273 = 318.6 K
500
If the OH concentration is 6.5x10-5 M, what is the [H+]?
answer=1.5x10-10 M pOH=-log[OH-] pOH=-log[6.5x10-5] pOH=4.187 pH+pOH=14 pH+4.187=14 pH=9.813 pH=-log[H+] 9.813=-log[H+] [H+]=1.5x10-10 M :)
500
2A + B + heat<---> 3C In the endothermic reaction, which direction will the reaction shift if the temperature of the system is decreased?
It will shift to the left to reproduce the lost heat.