Matter and Atoms
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
What is an ionic bond?
Answer: A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Classify chocolate milk: homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Homogeneous.
Name one substance that dissolves easily in water.
Salt or sugar.
What makes a molecule polar?
Uneven distribution of electrons leading to positive and negative ends.
Name the three subatomic particles.
Protons, neutrons, electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
What is the pH scale used to measure?
How acidic or basic a solution is
Oil does not dissolve in water. Why?
Because oil is nonpolar and water is polar.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
Give one example of an element and one compound.
Element: oxygen
Compound: water
Ionic bonds typically form between what types of elements?
Metals and nonmetals.
What is the difference between acids and bases?
Acids release hydrogen ions; bases release hydroxide ions.
In the food label activity, what nutrient varied the most between foods?
Protein, fat, or carbohydrates (depends on example).
Why is water important for life on Earth?
It supports chemical reactions, transport, temperature regulation, and more.
Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons located in an atom?
Protons and neutrons in the nucleus; electrons in the electron cloud.
Define isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Why are buffers important in living organisms?
They help maintain stable pH levels.
Explain how polarity affects solubility using an example.
Polar substances dissolve polar substances (ex. salt in water); nonpolar substances do not dissolve in water
How do van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds help water molecules stick together?
They create attractions that hold molecules close to each other.
Explain why studying chemistry is important in understanding biology.
Biology is based on chemical interactions that allow cells and organisms to function.
Explain the difference in electron behavior between ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds transfer electrons; covalent bonds share electrons.
Name one example of an acid and one example of a base
base: bleach
acid: soda, H2O2,
Define heterogeneous mixture
Combination of 2 or more substances that are not uniform throughout.
Why is water considered the universal solvent?
Its polarity allows it to dissolve many substances.