Atomic Structure
Where is most of an atom's mass located?
An atom's nucleus
When an atom emits light, its electron returns back to its ____________ state.
Ground state
What do you write in the center (most inner) circle of a Bohr model?
The number of protons and neutrons for an atom.
What are the four different types of atomic orbitals?
How many valence electrons does Sulfur have?
6
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What colors of the visible spectrum is sunlight made of?
Every color of the visible spectrum
How do you calculate the number of neutrons for a Bohr model?
You subtract an atom's mass number from its atomic number.
What type of atomic orbitals come in a set of 3?
p-orbitals
What is the maximum amount of electrons that a set of "d" orbitals can hold?
10
All elements in the periodic table can be classified as either a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal, and most elements in the periodic table can be classified as _____________.
Metals
How can you analyze the colors of a star to determine what elements a star is made of?
Each element emits specific colors or wavelengths of light. You can match the colors of light that a star emits to the colors of light that an element emits to determine what elements make up a star.
How many electrons does a sulfur atom with a (-2) charge have?
18 electrons
How are atomic orbitals arranged around the nucleus of an atom?
They overlap one another with the lowest energy atomic orbital being closest to the nucleus.
To write the noble gas (shorthand) configuration for Gallium, which noble gas would you put in brackets?
Argon
Why are the mass numbers of elements in the periodic table decimals and not whole numbers?
Because they are the average atomic mass of all the isotopes for each element.
Why does neon emit more colors than hydrogen?
Because it has more electrons than hydrogen which are all capable of absorbing and emitting different colors (wavelengths) of light.
The energy needed for an electron to move from one energy level to another is called a ______________.
Quantum
Why do electrons fill the lowest energy atomic orbital first?
Because this leads to the most stable arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
The third energy level of the periodic table contains what set of atomic orbitals?
The third energy level contains 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals, and 5 d-orbitals.
If you keep adding more and more neutrons to an atom, then it will eventually become _______________.
Radioactive
If an element emits purple light and red light, then how can you compare the energy levels for the electron responsible for the purple light and the electron responsible for the red light?
The electron that emits purple light jumped up to a higher energy level in comparison to the electron that emits the red light.
What is the main difference between the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model in terms of electrons?
In the Bohr model, electrons are represented as particles that orbit the nucleus in a fixed path similar to how the planets orbit the sun.
In the quantum mechanical model, electrons are represented as clouds of energy that are confined to atomic orbitals.
Why does each atomic orbital have a different shape?
Because the electrons in one orbital repel the electrons in another orbital. Since all orbitals overlap, they have to have different shapes because electrons can not exist in the same space. Each electron has to have its own space to exist in.
What element does this electron configuration represent?
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f5
Promethium