Chemical Bonds and Reactions
What type of reaction is the following:
CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2
Decomposition
An neutral atom has 16 neutrons and 15 electrons. How many protons does it have?
15 protons
What is the definition of electronegativity?
A measure of how much an atom attracts electrons to itself, or how much it wants to have a complete octet
Balance the following equation:
__ NaCl + __ F2 --> __ NaF + __ Cl2
2 NaCl + 1 F2 --> 2 NaF + 1 Cl2
What are the three states of matter?
Solids, liquids, and gases
What type of reaction is the following:
KBr + AgNO3 --> KNO3 + AgBr
Double replacement
An ion with a charge of -2 has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. How many electrons does it have?
10 electrons
What does the rule "like dissolves like" mean?
Polar substances dissolve in polar substances. Nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar substances
Draw the orbital diagram for nitrogen (N)
7 protons, 7 neutrons
1st ring: 2 e-
2nd ring: 5 e- (3 single, 2 paired)
What is the difference between indefinite and definite volume?
Definite volume is fixed, indefinite volume changes
What type of bond exists between K--Cl? (potassium chloride)
ionic
If an atom has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35, how many neutrons does it have?
18 neutrons
What does it mean for a substance to be insoluble?
It does not dissolve or interact with the solvent
Draw the orbital diagram for chlorine (Cl)
17 protons, 18 neutrons
1st ring: 2 e-
2nd ring: 8 e-
3rd ring: 7 e- (6 paired, 1 single)
What is the scientific definition of temperature?
The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
What type of bond exists between C--F?
Polar covalent
What does the atomic number tell us about an element?
How many protons it contains
In the bond between C--O, which element will pull on shared electrons harder?
Oxygen will pull on electrons harder because it has a higher electronegativity
Balance the following equation:
__ FeCl3 + __ NaOH --> __ Fe(OH)3 + __ NaCl
1 FeCl3 + 3 NaOH --> 1 Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl
Which methods of energy transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) do not require direct contact?
Convection and radiation
What type of reaction is the following?
CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O
Combustion
What property is the periodic table arranged according to?
Why does oil not dissolve in water? Look at diagram in study guide (HINT: like dissolves like)
Water contains polar bonds, oil contains many nonpolar bonds (C--C and C--H)
Balance the following equation:
__ C3H8 + __ O2 --> __ CO2 + __ H2O
1 C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
If you conducted an experiment where you mixed several solutions, and the temperature of the reaction mixture decreased, what type of reaction occurred?
Endothermic reaction