Atoms and Atomic Structure
What subatomic particle determines the identity of the atom?
What holds ionic compounds together?
The positive and negative charges of the different ions attract each other
What type of reaction is shown below?
H2O2 ----> H2 + O2
Decomposition
I set a tree on fire and leave to burn for 2 hours. If I come back to find nothing but black soot where the tree was, what was the limiting reagent in this combustion reaction?
The tree
Is CaOH an acid or a base?
What is the name of the element with 14 electrons?
Silicon
A neutral atom gains 2 electrons, what is its charge now?
-2
Name a reactant that is present in EVERY combustion reaction
Oxygen gas or O2
Balance the equation below:
FeCl3 + O2 ----> Fe2O3 + Cl2
4FeCl3 + 3O2 ----> 2Fe2O3 + 6Cl2
What does the pH 2 tell you about the acidity/alkalinity of a solution?
(Hint: use words like "strong" and "weak")
A substance with pH 2 is a strong acid
How many neutrons are in the element Argon?
40 - 18 = 22 Neutrons
Name an element that has NO charged state (an element that does NOT lose or gain electrons), why can it not gain or lose electrons?
Any noble gas. They cannot lose or gain electrons because they already have a full octet
What kind of reaction is this?
HCl + NaOH ----> NaCl + H2O
Double Displacement
What is wrong with the equation below?
3KCl2 + 2Al ----> K + 2AlCl3
Potassium (K) does not have a charge of +2! Potassium chloride is KCl NOT KCl2!
Define neutralization. When does it happen? Why is it called neutrilization?
Bonus 100 points if you can write an example of a balanced neutralization reaction!
Neutrlalization occurs when an acid and a base mix. It is called neutralization because when they mix, the pH of the resulting compound approaches 7.
Example of a neutralization reaction:
H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 ----> 2H2O + CaSO4
What family of elements does the element Arsenic fall into?
Metalloids or Semi-metals
What is the name of the compound whose chemical symbol is Sr3(PO4)2?
Strontium Phosphate
Write a BALANCED example of a single displacement reaction involving at least 1 polyatomic ion
Must see:
Balanced equation
Using an arrow not an equals sign
Polyatomic ion has the correct charge
All charges cancel
What is the balanced equation of...
Iron (III) Bicarbonate + Magnesium ----> Magnesium Bicarbonate + Iron
2Fe(HCO3)3 + 3Mg ----> 3Mg(CO3)2 + 2Fe
How many times more _____ is stomach acid (pH = 1) compared to Carbonic acid (pH = 5)
Stomach acid is 10,000 times more ACIDIC than carbonic acid
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford Diagram for sulfide
Must have:
- Proton and neutron numbers in the middle
- First shell has 2 electrons while the rest have up to 8
- A full valence!
Write the chemical equation for ammounium carbonate. What is the anion in this equation?
In the equation (NH4)2CO3, the carbonate (CO3) is the anion
I have a compound called Rubidium Sulphate.
Suggest 2 DIFFERENT TYPES of BALANCED chemical reactions that can yield this as a product
Examples:
2Rb + SO4 ----> Rb2SO4
2Rb + Li2SO4 ----> Rb2SO4 + 2Li
2RbCl + CaSO4 ----> CaCl2 + Rb2SO4
Balance the equation:
Al2(CO3)3 + KCl ----> AlCl3 + KCO3
What is the NAME of the limiting reagent?
Al2(CO3)3 + 6KCl ----> 2AlCl3 + 3K2CO3
Aluminum Carbonate is the limiting reagent
Solution A has a pH of 9. Solution B is 100x more acidic. What is the pH of Solution B?
Solution B has a pH of 7