The Atom
this positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom also determines the identity of an element, and its atomic number.
what is a proton?
this type of bonding occurs between nonmetal anions and metal cations
what is ionic bonding?
Atoms with the same atomic number (thus same identity and same number of protons), but with differing number of neutrons.
what are isotopes?
These are the substances formed at the end of a chemical reaction
What are "products"?
these substances have an excess of free protons (H+ ions) in solution and are described as having a "sour" taste
what are acids
the number of electrons in this outer energy level determines the bonding behavior of an atom
what is the valence?
this type of bonding occurs as a result of non-metal atoms sharing electrons in hybrid orbitals, and can occur as single, double, and triple bonds depending on the number of electrons shared.
what is covalent bonding?
This occurs when an unstable nucleus radioactively decays and releases damaging ionizing particles and high energy photons
This exothermic chemical reaction occurs when a hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water.
what is combustion
This is the name for the medium in which a solute is dissolved.
What is a solvent?
This unique shape describes the most likely location of electrons, and can be described as a probability function designated with the letters s, p, d or f.
what is an orbital?
This rule describes the tendency for atoms to bond in order achieve a stable noble gas configuration with eight valence electrons.
what is the octet rule?
This nuclear reaction occurs when a neutron collides with a large unstable nucleus (such as Uranium or Plutonium) and results in the splitting of this nucleus into smaller "daughter" atoms, releasing additional neutrons and large amounts of energy.
what is nuclear fission
This describes the energy required for a chemical reaction to begin
what is activation energy
This is the concentration of a solution expressed as Moles per Liter (n/L or M)
what is Molarity?
what is a photon
This category of substances describes an ionic bond between a metal and a non-metal or polyatomic ion.
What is a salt?
This particle released during radioactive decay consists of a helium nucleus, (two protons and one neutron)
what is an alpha particle
This describes a chemical reaction which gets colder as the reaction proceeds
what is endothermic
This is the -log transformation of the molar concentration of H+ (also described as H3O+) in a solution
what is pH?
This early theory of atomic structure proposed by J.J. thompson lacked a nucleus, and suggested that negative and positive charge was evenly distributed throughout the atom, which is incorrect.
What is the plum pudding model
What are Van der Waal forces?
This forensic method uses the ratio between the radioactive isotope of Carbon-14 to the stable isotope of Carbon-12 in order to determine the age of organic remains.
What is radiocarbon dating?
This is the number of individual atoms or molecules contained within a "mole" of a substance.
what is 6.022 x 1023
This substance is used to indicate if the pH of an aqueous solution is greater than 8.3 by developing a characteristic pink color in alkaline conditions. It was discovered accidentally and is also a potent laxitive.
what is phenolphthalein?