Atomic Structure
The maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell
What is 2?
What is the element symbol for sodium?
Na
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called this.
What are periods?
This ancient group of experimenters searched for ways to turn base metals into gold and accidentally developed early laboratory techniques.
Who were alchemists?
This process occurs when a solid turns directly into a gas, as seen with dry ice.
What is sublimation?
The number you use to find the number of protons in an atom
What is the atomic number?
A nonconductive allotrope of carbon
What is diamond?
This metal group reacts vigorously with water and forms 1+ ions.
What are the alkali metals?
This Greek philosopher proposed that matter is made of tiny, indivisible particles called “atomos.”
Who is Democritus?
This cation gives a green flame in the flame test.
What is the copper ion or what is Cu2+?
The number of neutrons in Carbon-13
What is 7?
A gas which makes up 78% of the air
What is nitrogen?
This scientist left gaps in his early periodic table, correctly predicting the properties of undiscovered elements.
Who is Dimitri Mendeleev?
This English teacher proposed the first modern atomic theory in the early 1800s, stating that atoms of each element are identical.
Who was John Dalton?
Adding this chemical to hydrogen peroxide causes it to decompose rapidly into water and oxygen gas.
What is manganese dioxide (MnO2)?
The name given to the subatomic particles which participate in bond formation
What are valence electrons?
This soft, reactive metal stored in oil is the first alkali metal on the periodic table.
What is lithium?
The d-block on the periodic table
What are transition metals?
This scientist’s experiments with gases led him to define the element more carefully, helping move chemistry away from alchemy.
Who was Robert Boyle?
The dense gas given off when sulfur burns in oxygen
What is sulfur dioxide or what is SO2?
WHAT IS THE NAME FOR HOW BAD AN ELEMENT WANTS AN ELECTRON
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
This halogen is used to disinfect water and has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁵.
What is chlorine?
This periodic trend increases as you move down a group and decreases as you move across a period to the right.
What is atomic radius?
Known as the “father of modern chemistry,” he named oxygen and helped establish the law of conservation of mass.
Who was Antoine Lavoisier?
In our hydrogen–oxygen micro-mole rocket lab, the spark provided this minimum amount of energy required to start the combustion reaction.
What is activation energy?
The electron configuration of copper
What is [Ar] 3d10 4s1 ?
atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What are isotopes?
Johann Dobereiner discovered these as he explored different elements.
What are triads?
Who were the two students who conducted the gold foil experiment with Ernest Rutherford?
Who were Ernest Marsden and Hans Geiger?
In a redox reaction, this process occurs when a substance gains electrons.
What is reduction?