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Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids
DNA & RNA
Mutations & Viruses
100
A reaction that releases energy as heat.
What is an exothermic reaction?
100
This occurs to an enzyme when the pH is lowered from 7.5 to 4.
What is decreased activity?
100
Large molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction: DNA and RNA
What are nucleic acids?
100
Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
100
A change in a base pair sequence that does not affect the resulting protein sequence.
What is silent mutation?
200
Speeds up the rate of a reaction by lowering activation energy.
What is a catalyst?
200
A nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and phosphate group.
What are the 3 components of a NUCLEOTIDE?
200
The sequence of bases in mRNA produced from this template strand of DNA: 3' C-T-A-A-G-G 5'
What is: 5' G-A-U-U-C-C 3'
200
an environmental agent that produces a mutation) change in base sequence) in DNA.
What is a mutagen?
300
The level of protein structure involved in the formation of an enzymes active site.
What is tertiary?
300
The location on the enzyme where catalysis occurs.
What is the active site?
300
When a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base combine to form a nucleotide.
What is a condensation reaction?
300
Brings amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
300
A circular, small, piece of DNA from bacteria that is used as a vector and necessary for recombinant DNA technology.
What is a plasmid?
400
An organic, nonprotein portion of an enzyme that is necessary for the function of some enzymes.
What is a coenzyme?
400
This type of inhibitor does not allow the enzyme to reach top speed, even if more substrate is added.
What is noncompetitive inhibitor? (Explanation: the shape of the active site is changed, to adding more of the original substrate has no affect on the speed of the reaction)
400
The end of the nucleic acid polymer with the free phosphate group.
What is the 5 prime end?
400
The sequence of nucleotides on one strand of DNA template is temporarily unwound and used to produce a complimentary mRNA copy using the enzyme RNA polymerase.
What is transcription?
400
The type of genetic information that is found in a virus.
What is nucleic acid?
500
A reaction that uses energy.
What is an endothermic reaction?
500
Binding of an enzyme to a second (allosteric) site changes the shape of the active site.
What is noncompetitive inhibition?
500
These hold the two strands of DNA together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
500
The triplet codon sequence from the mRNA is translated by the tRNA into an amino acid. As the amino acids are linked, a protein is produced.
What is translation?
500
The first step that must occur before DNA replication in a virus that contains viral RNA. BONUS: What is this virus called?
What is reverse transcription? BONUS: a retrovirus