Random
What does TCA stand for? What are some examples of them?
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Triazole (Paxil), Amino Ketone (Wellbutrin), Diphenylamine (Prozac), Naphtalenamines (zoloft) and Lithium
What does ELISA stand for?
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
What are the three variations of chromatography?
Planar: a solid surface such as paper is used as the stationary phase
Liquid: stationary phase is packed onto a column and mobile phase is liquid
Gas: stationary phase is packed onto a column mobile phase is gaseous
What does SAD stand for?
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Explain the principle of steric hindrance related to chromatography.
separates molecules based on size and shape
smaller molecules move faster(further) and larger molecules are retained longer
Differentiate chromatograph and chromatogram.
The chromatogram is the readout or results of the chromatography
What is the drawback to HPLC?
stand-alone method/ can't run any other tests on that analyzer
What do we use TLC for? What type of test is it? What are some analytes we can test for with it?
Drugs of abuse (serum or urine)
semi-quantitative SCREENING test
Barbituates, cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, amphetamine, THC (weed), benzodiazepines
What is adsorbed to the wells of the microtiter plate in ELISA? What is the most common type of ELISA run?
known primary Ab or Ag
Sandwich ELISA
What type of results do you get with GCMS?
Identity and quantity
Explain the four things that a HPLC chromatogram can give you. What is the main analyte detected?
Area under peak: doesn't tell us much
Retention time: Helps identify peak
% under peak: quantification
Identity of peak: and thus ID of substance(s)
HGB A1C
What is Mass spectrometry or MS?
A technique to determine extremely accurate mass of molecules
does this by measuring mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of ions
How does ion exchange chromatography work?
The solid phase is lined with a charged substance, the mobile phase is uncharged so that it does not interact with the solid phase
the mobile phase is used to push a mixture through where the components are separated by charge (opposite charge to solid phase is attracted to the stationary phase and opposite charges repel and are pushed through faster)
What category of chromatography does TLC (Thin layer chromatography) fall into? What is the stationary phase? What factors can influence the distance traveled?
Planar
very thin layer of silica or alumina powder on solid surface (glass, metal, plastic, etc.)
polarity, size, etc.
Can planar chromatography be automated? Is quantitative, qualitative, or both? What is the stationary phase?
No
Qualitative
absorbent paper
What type of relationship do competitive Immunoassays have? What about non-competitive IAs?
competitive: inversely proportional
non: directly proportional
What is an example of liquid chromatography?
Column chromatography
What is the method called that confirms drugs of abuse in the urine?
GCMS (Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry)
What does Rf stand for? How is it calculated? What does a value near 1 indicate? What does a value near 0 indicate?
Retardation Factor
Rf= distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent
1= substance is very soluble in the liquid
0= substances that are more insoluble in the liquid
What are the four uses for chromatography?
Analyze: examine a mixture, its components, and their relations to one another
purify: separate components in order to isolate one of interest for further study
identify: determine the identity of a mixture or components based on known components
quantify: determine the amount of the mixture and/or the component present in the sample
What is the graph print-out called for mass spectrometry? How do you tell it apart from a chromatogram?
Mass spectrum
chromatogram gives area under the peak and mass spectrum just has lines
Differntiate elution, eluate, and eluant.
Elution: process of washing a compound mixture through a column using a solvent
Eluant: solvent
Eluate: the individual components of the mixture as they exit the column
Define chromatography.
techniques used to separate a mixture into its comonents and identify those components
works by allowing the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves between a stationary(solid) and mobile (liquid or gas) medium
What are the requirements of the stationary phase, mobile phase, and sample in gas chromatography?
Stationary phase: non-volatile (not going to evaporate off) liquid or solid packed onto the long thin column
Mobile phase: non-reactive gas
Sample: volatile or can be made volatile
What is the procedure for MS?
sample is volatized, then sample is ionized
this breaks up the analyte into its molecular ions and fragments
these fragments are separated according to their m/z ratio
sample is measured and detected