The Atom
Is this an ATOM or ION?
S-32^-2
ION
How many ELECTRONS does the 2nd shell/sublevel hold?
8 electrons
What ION will Nitrogen form?
Nitrogen has 5 valence e-, so it will need to gain
3 e- in order to be stable, creating an anion with a
3- charge = N^3-
FILL IN THE BLANKS (DIFFERENT ANSWERS)
Metals that have greater activity, _____ e- more easily, and non-metals that have a greater activity ____ e- more easily
LOSE, GAIN
How many single covalent bonds can Carbon form?
4
This is where the atoms mass comes from
The Nucleus
A 3D region around the nucleus that shows where an e- probably is
What is an orbital
FILL IN THE BLANK
_______ are formed when e- are transferred from the atom with the lower electronegativity to the higher.
IONIC BONDS
Classify
AB 🡪 A + B
DECOMP. REACTION
c=3.00x10^8 m/s
Speed of light
What kind of force gives the electron cloud its volume?
The repulsive force between the negative electrons
WHAT IS ATOMIC RADIUS AND HOW DO YOU TELL WHEN IT INCREASES IN A GROUP AND PERIOD?
Atomic Radius= one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together
INCREASES as you move DOWN a group
INCREASES as you move LEFT in a period
Define Molecule
A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
PART A: IN AN EXOTHERMIC TEMP CHANGE, WOULD ADDING HEAT FAVOR A FORWARD OR REVERSE RXN?
PART B: IN AN ENDOTHERMIC TEMP CHANGE, WOULD ADDING HEAT FAVOR A FORWARD OR REVERSE RXN?
A: Reverse rxn
B: Forward rxn
What is nuclear fission?
THE SPLITTING OF ONE LARGER ATOM INTO TWO SMALLER ONES. Can occur spontaneously, or when a neutron is fired into the nucleus causing it to split and RELEASE RADIOACTIVE WASTE
These make up protons and neutrons. They have a strong attraction which is what holds the nucleus together (despite the fact that protons repel each other).
Quarks
WHAT KIND OF BONDS ARE
ΔEN > 2
IONIC BONDS
Bond that results between nonmetallic elements that share electrons, forming a molecule.
What is a Covalent Bond?
MY EXAMPLE:
-Add product (AB)
-Remove reactant
-Decrease in pressure
How long it takes half of an atom to decay
What are isotopes?
The same atom of an element, different number of neutrons which gives it a different mass)
WHEN DOES REACTIVITY INCREASE IN METALS AND NON-METALS ON THE PT?
METALS INCREASE AS YOU MOVE DOWN AND LEFT
NON-METALS INCREASE AS YOU MOVE UP AND RIGHT
ΔEN between 0.5 and 2 🡪
POLAR COVALENT
LIST 4 DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
MY EXAMPLE:
Burning, oxidizing, fermenting, rotting
The process in which a gas changes directly to a solid w/o going through a liquid state